Grandchildren

Children of Child 1 (Jan Greve) and wife (Christine Helene Lootz)

Grandchild 1: Died young

Jan and Christine's first child, Henriette Greve (sources), was born 18 July 1860 and baptised in Sund (on the coastal islands west of Bergen). She died in the village of Ølensjøen (about 65 miles south of Bergen) 8 August 1878, at age 18; no cause of death was given in her death record.

Grandchild 2: Emigrant, country merchant's wife in Lee, IL

Jan and Christine's second child, Christine Helene Greve (sources), was born 12 August 1861 and baptised in Sund. On 15 July 1881 (age 19) in Ølensjøen she married Tollef Tørresen (sources), who had been born 12 December 1852 at Vester Eide farm #2 (just south of Ølensjøen village) to a farming couple and had grown up helping out on the family farm. On 20 December 1882 Tollef arrived in New York City; Christine arrived there 12 April 1883 with their one-year old son and about to give birth to their first daughter. Tollef (who went by Tollef T. Eide in America), after first residing in Chicago, in the fall of 1883 acquired a general store in Lee, IL (about 75 miles west of Chicago) from his brother-in-law Paul Stensland. Until 1895 Tollef ran the general store in partnership with O. A. Hammersand, who then decided to pursue a sewing machine business in Houston and sold his share to Tollef. Tollef in turn retired and sold the store in August 1920. Two years later, he beat the incumbent to become his township’s representative on the Lee County Board of Supervisors. At a board meeting in March 1924 he caught pneumonia, from which he died on 24 April 1924 in Lee, leaving an estate of nearly $19,000. Christine continued to live in Lee, IL, but by the late 1930s was spending considerable time with her son Randolph in Shaker Heights, OH, where she died 18 August 1940.

Christine and Tollef had seven children:

(1) Torris Eide (1882-1976) - emigrant (1883), water supply engineer in New York City, NY

(2) Helene Eide (1883-??) - doctor's wife in Royal Oak, MI

(3) John Henry Eide (1885-1918) - baseball player in Lee, IL

(4) Randolph Eide (1888-1977) - telephone company president in Cleveland, OH

(5) Inez Veda Eide (1891-1979) - hardware store owner's wife in Lee, IL

(6) Alwin Clyde Eide (1893-1980) - chemical company executive in Columbus, OH

(7) Carrie Marguerite Eide (1897-1898) - died in infancy

Grandchild 3: Property owner in Strandebarm, Hordaland

Jan and Christine's third child, Johanne Greve (sources), was born 1 May 1863 in Ølensjøen. She remained with her parents, living with them in Ølensjøen in 1900 and with her widowed mother (as "daughter and companion") in Strandebarm (about 70 miles north-northeast of Ølensjøen) in 1910. Finally released after her mother's death in June 1913, Johanne first embarked on a visit to her siblings in America in the fall and winter of 1913. In April 1914, she bought Tangerås farm #4 in Strandebarm from her parents' estate. In 1915 (age about 52) she then married the 13-years-younger Lars Johnsen Tangerås (sources), who had been born 10 April 1876 to a tenant farming couple at the neighboring Tangerås farm #13 and worked as a farm laborer and handyman (Johanne entered into a prenuptial agreement that gave him the right to buy her property on favorable terms, but only once she had died). They are recorded as smallholders on her Tangerås property in both 1922 and 1934. Lars died 15 August 1942, and Johanne followed 5 August 1949; they are buried in different sections of Strandebarm cemetery.

Grandchild 4: Emigrant, office clerk in Boston, MA

Jan and Christine's fourth child, Johan Fritzner Greve (sources), was born 5 July 1864 in Ølensjøen. At age 18 he emigrated to America, traveling to New York City on the same ship as his older sister Christine and arriving there on 12 April 1883. By 1887 he was a clerk in Boston, MA, and would remain so for the rest of his life (the 1910 census specifies that he was an office clerk for a building materials company). From at least 1889 (there are no city directories for 1887 and 1888) until 1897 he lived with his cousins Anna and Louisa Fries and their father Wulf Fries in the Roxbury section of Boston; beginning in 1898 he lived with his younger sister Sølvei, an unmarried vocational education teacher. On 29 June 1912 (age 47) in Boston he married Elin Sophia Jonsen (sources), who had been born 18 January 1871 in Sweden and had emigrated in 1892 to Boston; by 1910 she was an instructor in manual training (i.e., vocational education) at the Bridgewater State Normal School (a teacher training school). After their marriage they bought a house in Lynnfield, a northern suburb of Boston, where Johan died 18 December 1914 of tuberculosis; on his death record he was listed as a bookkeeper. Johan's remains were cremated, and a gravestone for him was placed next to those of his parents at Strandebarm cemetery in Norway. Elin, now without a job and making ends meet by taking in boarders, continued living in Lynnfield until at least 1923, when she embarked on a year-long visit to Sweden. Upon her return she moved to an apartment in Cambridge, MA (in a building appropriately named "The Stockholm"); in 1930 she was working as a dressmaker in a gown shop, and Sølvei was living with her. By 1934 she had moved to Boston, and at the time of the 1940 census she was a lodger in Wellesley, MA, where she worked as dressmaker for an agency. She died in Boston later in 1940.

Grandchild 5: School inspector in Bergen

Jan and Christine's fifth child, Einar Greve (sources), was born 24 December 1865 in Ølensjøen. In 1879 he entered Bergen's Cathedral School, where his grandfather had also studied; after graduating in 1884, he entered the University in Oslo, from which he obtained the equivalent of a master's degree in mathematics and natural science in 1891. His first position was as a middle school teacher in Kragerø, a mid-sized coastal city in southeastern Norway, from 1892 to 1895; he was also elected to the municipal council in 1894. In 1895 he obtained a teaching position at Hambro's school, the largest private school in Bergen. A year later, on 16 July 1896 (age 30), he married Nelly Leonora Olsen (sources), who had been born 5 May 1872 to a shipmaster in Kragerø. In 1909 Einar became principal of an elementary school; two years later he was elevated to school inspector for Bergen, a position he held until 1936. He ended his career with a year as interim president of the newly founded Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen. In addition to his school work, Einar also continued his involvement in politics, serving on Bergen's board of education from 1900 to 1936 (chairman 1904 to 1911) and on its city council from 1901 to 1919 (with a year-long term as mayor in 1917) and again from 1928 to 1936. From 1931 to 1933 he was a member of Norway's national legislature, the Storting, while also serving as the national leader of the Free-minded People's Party, a small center-right party that had split off from the Liberal Party. In addition, from 1916 to 1931 Einar served on the board of the Bergen Museum, an institution that had grown out of the collections of his great-grandfather Arent Jansen Greve. Einar died in Bergen 3 May 1948, and Nelly followed 20 September 1952; they were buried together at Møllendal cemetery in Bergen.

Einar and Nelly had two children:

(8) Johan Fritzner Greve (1900-1973) - shipping company owner in Bergen

(9) Gunnar Greve (1904-1990) - lawyer in Bergen

Grandchild 6: Died in infancy

Jan and Christine's sixth child, Sally Greve (sources), was born 21 February 1867 in Ølensjøen and died there 24 July 1867.

Grandchild 7: Emigrant, teacher in Boston, MA

Jan and Christine's seventh child, Sølvei Greve (sources), was born 4 March 1868 in Ølensjøen. In August 1887 (age 19) she departed from Bergen via Liverpool to Boston. For the next three years she apparently lived in Lee, IL, where her older sister Christine had settled, but in September 1890 she returned to Boston, where her brother Johan lived. In 1893 she was recorded as a teacher at the Boston Institute for the Blind, marking the beginning of her teaching career. In 1895 she taught sewing in Watertown (a western suburb of Boston), and from 1897 to 1899 she was a teacher at the Eliot School, a private school in Jamaica Plain (southwestern Boston) that emphasized manual training (i.e., arts and crafts). By 1900 she had entered the Boston public school system; after a brief stint at the E Street School, she taught manual training at the Hugh O'Brien School in Roxbury (southern Boston) from 1902 to about 1915 and then at the George T. Angell School (also in Roxbury) until about 1933. From 1898 until his marriage in 1912 she lived in various southern Boston apartments with her brother Johan; thereafter she resided at 335 Huntington Ave in South Boston with only a brief interruption around 1930, when she lived for several years in Cambridge, MA, with Johan's widow. I have not found a death record for Sølvei, but she was last listed in the annual Boston directory in 1947, suggesting that she died about 1947/48.

Grandchild 8: Died in infancy

Jan and Christine's eighth child, Ingvald Greve (sources), was born 11 July 1869 in Ølensjøen and died there 14 March 1870.

Children of Child 3 (Magdalene Greve) and husband (Wulf Christian Julius Fries)

Grandchild 9: Music teacher in Boston, MA

Magdalene and Wulf's first child, Louisa Henriette Fries (sources), was born 14 July 1858 in Roxbury (a close-in suburb that was annexed to Boston in 1868). She lived with her parents until both had died and thereafter continued to occupy the parental home with her sister until about 1927. In 1890 (a year after her mother's death) she was first listed in the Boston city directory as a music teacher operating out of her home, and she continued to be listed as such until 1925. Her 1911 passport application specified that she was a piano teacher and musician. She died 5 October 1947 (age 89).

Grandchild 10: German teacher in Boston, MA

Magdalene and Wulf's second child, Anna Magdalene Fries (sources), was born 25 December 1860 in Roxbury. She lived with her parents until both had died and thereafter continued to occupy the parental home with her sister until about 1927. In 1889 (the year of her mother's death) she was first listed as a teacher in the Boston city directory, and from 1897 to 1925 she was listed specifically as a teacher at Dorchester High School in south Boston. A 1906 school directory noted that she taught German at Dorchester High. She died 27 September 1930 (age 69) of arteriosclerosis.

Children of Child 4 (Henrik Greve) and wife (Elisabeth Christine Paasche)

Grandchild 11: High school principal in Lillehammer, Oppland

Henrik and Elisabeth's first child, Johan Fritzner Greve (sources), was born 9 September 1865 in the port city of Kristiansund (about 300 miles north of Bergen) and grew up in Bergen after his father had been appointed chaplain there. In 1883 he entered the University in Oslo, from which he graduated with a master's of arts degree in 1892, followed by a 5-month stay in England for language study. On 7 July 1893 in Oslo he married Birgit Heiberg (sources), who had been born 9 October 1868 in Oslo to a prominent lawyer and, after her father's death in 1883, had worked as a music teacher. Johan, after a stint as teacher at Oslo's Latin school, served as co-headmaster of a private middle school in Oslo from 1896 to 1902. They then moved to Larvik, a port city about 75 miles southwest of Oslo, where Johan was teacher and from 1913 principal at the high school, while Birgit gave piano lessons. In 1915 Johan became principal of the high school in Lillehammer, the main town in the Gudbrandsdal region about 100 miles north of Oslo. He resigned this position in 1930 due to age and died in Lillehammer 23 April 1947; Birgit followed 13 December 1951.

Johan and Birgit had four children:

(10) Ellen Greve (1894-1975) - appeals court judge's wife in Tromsø

(11) Henrik Greve (1896-1942) - emigrant (1922), businessman in Oran, Algeria

(12) Fridthjof Heiberg Greve (1899-1979) - emigrant (1921), road surveyor in Queensland

(13) William Heiberg Greve (1901-1981) - hydroelectric power plant engineer in Oslo

Grandchild 12: Died in infancy

Henrik and Elisabeth's second child, Mens Greve (sources), was born 20 December 1866 in Kristiansund and died there 18 days later, on 7 January 1867.

Grandchild 13: Insurance official in Oslo

Henrik and Elisabeth's third child, also named Mens Greve (sources), was born 14 January 1870 in Kristiansund and grew up in Bergen and Oslo. In 1889 he entered the Norwegian College of Agriculture in Ås, outside of Oslo. In late 1894 he bought a farm in Sør-Odal, about 45 miles northeast of Oslo. While still living there he became engaged in September 1902 (age 32) to Dagny Hjorth (sources) (age 18), who had been born 24 March 1884 to a miller in Frederikshald (about 60 miles southeast of Oslo) and grew up there. They married in Frederikshald on 27 December 1903 and moved to a farm less than 2 miles north of town that Mens had bought in August 1903 (he finally managed to unload his previous farm in December 1905). Apparently tiring of farm life, Mens sold this farm in October 1914, and they moved into town. By 1920 they had moved to Oslo, where Mens found work as archivist for the Norwegian Fire Insurance Company. Mens retired in 1940 and died in Oslo 24 July 1941. Dagny remarried in June 1944 to a retired postal employee. She died in Oslo 25 December 1953 and was buried at Vår Frelser (Our Savior) cemetery in Oslo with her daughter.

Mens and Dagny had one child:

(14) Laura Elisabeth Greve (1905-1991) - teacher in Oslo

Children of Child 5 (Johan Fritzner Greve) and first wife (Anna Elisabeth Skjoldborg)

Grandchild 14: Priest's wife in Aurdal, Sogn og Fjordane

Johan and Anna's first child Thora Greve (sources) was born 18 November 1861 at the priest's farm in Sund (on the coastal islands west of Bergen) and grew up as a priest's daughter in Jølster and Sogndal (both in the mountainous interior about 100 miles northeast of Bergen). On 24 March 1887 in Stedje church (the main church in Sogndal clerical district) she married Eilert Patrick Juul (sources), who had been born 30 November 1852 in Kristiansund to a ship's captain and later harbor master and navigation teacher. After graduating from Kristiansund's high school in 1871 (very likely taught by Thora's uncle Henrik Greve), Eilert had worked his way through the University in Oslo and obtained his theological degree in 1876. A year later he had been appointed as personal chaplain in Aurland clerical district (about 30 miles south of Sogndal and 90 miles east-northeast of Bergen). In 1880 he had been promoted to priest in Stryn clerical district, 90 miles further north, but at the end of 1884 had returned as priest to Aurland. Eilert and Thora settled at the Aurland priest's farm, located in the village of Aurlandsvangen. In 1907 Eilert was promoted to dean of priests for the mid-Sogn region (a position previously held by his father-in-law). He retired in 1924, whereupon Eilert and Thora moved to the fashionable suburb of Bærum just west of Oslo. Eilert died 15 September 1928 of age-related weakness at Bærum hospital and was buried in Aurlandsvangen's cemetery. In the late 1930s Thora moved to her son Erling's farm Hotvet in Sandar parish (about 55 miles south of Oslo). where she died 12 November 1941. She was buried with her husband in Aurlandsvangen.

Thora and Eilert had six children:

(15) Sigurd Christian Juul (1888-1958) - emigrant (1908), rancher in Caruthers, CA

(16) Johan Greve Juul (1889-1965) - state forest surveyor in Oslo

(17) Anne Elisabeth Juul (1891-1962) - teacher in Oslo; farmer's wife in Osa, Hordaland

(18) Caroline Juul (1892-1962) - teacher (and state mycologist's wife) in Oslo

(19) Atle Juul (1894-1953) - county horticulturist in Aurland, Sogn og Fjordane

(20) Erling Juul (1897-1946) - farmer in Sandar, Vestfold

Grandchild 15: Died young

Johan and Anna's second child Henriette Greve (sources) was born 7 February 1863 at the priest's farm in Sund and grew up there and in Jølster, where she died 12 January 1874 from scarlet fever (which had already claimed two of her younger siblings a week earlier).

Grandchild 16: Child welfare inspector in Bergen

Johan and Anna's third child Maren Greve (sources) (who went by Marit as an adult) was born 29 August 1864 at the priest's farm in Sund and grew up there, at Jølster, and presumably at Sogndal as her father changed parishes. In 1900 she was a teacher in Oslo, but in 1904 she was recorded as a former teacher living with her retired parents in Bergen. In 1910, after her father's death, she was living with her younger sister Inga's family in Sogndal and apparently acting as governess or tutor for Inga's children. In 1911, though, she was appointed as Bergen's first salaried child welfare inspector, charged with checking up on the children who had been placed outside the city by Bergen's welfare council. She held this position until 1918, but continued living in Bergen until at least 1924 as a retiree with her youngest sister Aslaug - three doors down from her second cousin Einar Greve, the city's school inspector. By 1926 Marit was back in Sogndal living as a retiree with her sister Inga. She finally ended up in a nursing home in Vinderen, in what is now northwest Oslo (close to her oldest sister Thora), where she died 25 December 1933.

Grandchild 17: Personal chaplain in Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane

Johan and Anna's fourth child Otto Skjoldborg Greve (sources) was born 25 November 1865 at the priest's farm in Sund and grew up there and in Jølster and Sogndal. After completing prep school in Bergen in 1885 he entered the University in Oslo, from which he received his theological degree in 1892. The following year he was appointed as personal chaplain to his father in Sogndal. On 17 July 1894 in Bergen he married his stepmother's niece Ragna Christiane Wesenberg (sources), who had been born 25 February 1867 to a merchant in Bergen and had worked there as a private teacher before getting married. In 1897 Otto had to retire for reasons of health ("nervousness," which probably means anxiety attacks) and received what amounted to a disability pension. In 1900 Otto and Ragna were living just north of Aurlandsvangen, where Otto's oldest sister Thora had settled with her priest-husband. But at some time thereafter they moved to Oslo, where, according to O. Ingstad's genealogical history of the Greve family, Otto worked with various humanitarian organisations and served as the chief treasurer for the Norwegian missionary organisation for Israel (I have not found any newspaper articles confirming this). Otto died in Oslo 28 January 1932, and Ragna followed 9 July 1953; she was buried with her brother Ingvor and his family at Oslo's Western Cemetery.

Grandchild 18: Sheriff's wife in Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane

Johan and Anna's fifth child Inga Greve (sources) was born 25 March 1867 at the priest's farm in Sund and grew up there and in Jølster and Sogndal. On 14 July 1887 (age 20) at Stedje church in Sogndalsfjøra, the main village in the municipality of Sogndal, she married the much older Nils Landmark Lem (sources) (age 38), who had been born 2 January 1849 in the village of Bruland (about 50 miles west of Sogndal), where his father worked as deputy to his brother-in-law, the bailiff (government administrator/tax collector) for the Sunnfjord region. In 1852, Nils moved to Trollebø farm, just outside the fishing village of Måløy (about 65 miles northwest of Førde and 150 miles north of Bergen), where his father had been appointed as the local lensmann (a government official with essentially the same policing and administrative duties as an American sheriff, although the lensmann's jurisdiction covered only a municipality rather than a county). In 1865 Nils worked as a retail clerk in Måløy; thereafter he spent several years supporting his father in the office before in 1870 becoming an assistant to his uncle, the bailiff for the Sogn region, in Balestrand (about 20 miles west of Sogndal). In May 1879 Nils was appointed as lensmann or sheriff for Sogndal municipality, a position he retained until retiring in 1916. With Inga he lived at Foss homestead #2 in the town of Sogndalsfjøra, which he had bought in 1881. There he also maintained what was reputed to be one of the best-tended fruit orchards in the Sogn region, winning many prizes for his fruit. Nils died in Sogndal 6 April 1921. Inga remained on the homestead and died there 25 November 1946. They were buried together at Stedje cemetery in Sogndal.

Nils and Inga had five children:

(21) Audun Lem (1888-1980) - fish cannery owner in Måløy, Sogn og Fjordane

(22) Bjarne Lem (1889-1960) - mechanical engineer in Stavanger

(23) Johan Greve Lem (1892-1969) - fruit grower in Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane

(24) Andreas Arnoldus Hess Lem (1896-1983) - civil engineer in Oslo

(25) Anna Elisabeth Skjoldborg Lem (1902-1970) - police chief's wife in Florø, Fjordane

Grandchild 19: Student in Oslo

Johan and Anna's sixth child Johan Fritzner Greve (sources) was born 14 October 1868 at the priest's farm in Sund and grew up in Jølster and Sogndal. He entered the University in Oslo in 1887, then worked for a time as a private tutor before completing a year of study in theology, but fell sick in 1896 and died 9 April 1897, aged only 28 (I have not found the death record and thus do not know what was the cause of death).

Grandchild 20: Died young

Johan and Anna's seventh child Sigfrid Greve (sources) was born 15 November 1870 at the priest's farm in Sund and died 2 January 1874 at the priest's farm in Jølster, falling victim to the scarlet fever that had already killed his infant brother and would soon also claim an older sister.

Grandchild 21: Died as an infant

Johan and Anna's eighth child Audun Greve (sources) was born 22 January 1873 at the priest's farm in Jølster and died there 28 December 1873 of scarlet fever.

Grandchild 22: Resident of Bergen

Johan and Anna's ninth child Aslaug Greve (sources) was born 27 January 1875 at the priest's farm in Jølster. In 1900 she was living with her just-retired parents in Bergen. In 1910 she was a paying lodger with the sheriff of Jølster and his family. In 1922 and 1924 she was living with her sister Marit in Bergen. I have not found her in subsequent address books or electoral registers for Bergen, but she died in Bergen 9 January 1937. None of the records I have found for her give any indication of an occupation for her (and the 1922 local census for Bergen explicitly noted that she had no means of support), but a February 1937 newspaper story on recent deaths called her a "former business lady".

Children of Child 7 (Aadel Greve) and husband (Dominicus Nagel Lemvig Brun)

Grandchild 23: Emigrant, confidence man in Australasia and England

Aadel and Dominicus's first child Johan Greve Brun (sources) was born 9 March 1863 at Mortenhals, the priest's farm in Malangen parish (part of Balsfjord clerical district, about 600 miles north of Trondheim), and grew up at the priest's farm in Nærøy parish (about 140 miles north of Trondheim). In 1880 he graduated from middle school in Bergen. I do not know his whereabouts for the next six years, but by January 1887 he had arrived in Christchurch, one of the four main cities in New Zealand (located midway down the eastern coast of its South Island). He first worked for a couple of months on the service staff at a country club; after leaving there, he advertised language lessons under the moniker "Professor Greve de Brun, Linguist". Beginning about May 1887 he helped out in the stationery shop of a Mrs. Sarah Izett and also lodged with her. In September 1887 he bought another stationery shop (previously owned by Mrs. Izett) on an unsecured loan. On 8 October he was arrested for trying to burn down the contents of that store in an effort to collect insurance proceeds. Mrs. Izett insinuated that the scheme for insurance fraud had originated with a wholeseller to whom she was heavily indebted. In January 1888 Johan was convicted of arson and also of theft from the country club while employed there; he was sentenced to 7 years in jail, but released in January 1893 after having served 5 years. Eight months after his release, on 9 August 1893 in Christchurch, he married Inez Izett (sources), who had been born 8 June 1866 in Daylesford, Victoria (about 70 miles northwest of Melbourne) as the first child of Sarah Izett and her husband. In 1876 Inez had moved with her parents to Christchurch, where her father (born in Scotland) became a journalist and newspaper owner and her mother (born in England) opened up her first stationery shop in 1883.

By 1894 Johan (now calling himself Johan Greve Le Brun) had found employment as an agent for the New Zealand Accident Insurance Company selling what in essence was workmen's compensation insurance. In 1894 and 1895 he solicited employers on the South Island, but by early 1896 he was focusing on the southern districts of the North Island, and by 1898 he had moved to Wellington (New Zealand's capital), at the southern tip of the North Island. On 30 May 1900 the insurance company issued a notice that Johan no longer had authority to act as its agent. Inez auctioned off the entire contents of their house on 4 July, and Johan and Inez departed for Sydney, Australia, at the end of July. The reason for this departure became apparent in October, when the New Zealand police issued a warrant for Johan's arrest for having stolen £33 that was collected from an insurance client but not turned over to the company.

Once in Australia Johan and Inez lived in a series of lavish homes in the suburbs of Sydney. By 1901 Johan was calling himself Dr. John Le Brun and as such participated in a number of society events, although on the birth certificate of his last son in 1903 he gave his profession as mine owner. He also acted as a promoter for various business schemes, including a supposedly revolutionary butter churner from Sweden. In 1907 he became financially interested in a process patented by Thomas Heskett of Melbourne for producing iron and steel simultaneously from low-grade iron ore, and in late 1908 he left for Calcutta and then London with Mr. Heskett, leaving his family behind in Sydney. Over the next twenty-five years he lived in London, maintaining an affluent lifestyle by implying that he had wealthy friends whose schemes would soon come to fruition. By the early 1930s arthritis had confined him to a wheelchair, and he had to move to a nursing home in Watford, about 15 miles northwest of London, where he died 19 July 1936 (with "medical practicioner" listed as his profession on the death certificate). Only at this time did his attorney determine that his sole assets were some encumbered land parcels in Western Australia and the clothes he wore; the probate of his estate in early 1937 showed his net worth to be only about £25.

Inez and her children (along with her mother and various siblings, who had joined her in Sydney in 1901) did not receive any support from Johan in Sydney; instead, Inez supported herself through co-ownership of the U.B.O. pharmacy, which was associated with the Child Study and Adult Health Organization, a semi-philanthropic public health group that was led by Sarah Izett after its founder's death in 1911. From 1910 on Inez lived in a series of houses in the fashionable Eastern Suburbs, about 2 to 4 miles east of downtown Sydney; first as head of household, then in the 1930s with her son Erling and his family, and thereafter with her unmarried daughter Aadel. She died 28 or 29 July 1956 in the Sydney suburb of Bellevue Hill.

Johan and Inez had five children:

(26) Johan Lenvik Andoy Nagel Greve Le Brun (1894-1963) - realtor in Sydney, NSW

(27) Dore Hjalmar Greve Le Brun (1895-1943) - pharmacist in Sydney, NSW

(28) Erling Ingvard Greve Le Brun (1899-1982) - accountant in Sydney, NSW

(29) Aadel Swanhilde Greve Le Brun (1901-1990) - dressmaker in Sydney, NSW

(30) Thorvald Bjornson Greve Le Brun (1903-1977) - radio announcer in Lismore, NSW

Grandchild 24: Red Cross nurse in Oslo

Aadel and Dominicus's second child Christiane Brun (sources) (who went by Janna) was born 13 October 1864 at Mortenhals and grew up there and in Nærøy. By 1900 she was a Red Cross nurse and living in Oslo with her widowed mother and two younger brothers. From 1900 to 1917 she served as head nurse for the Gausdal tuberculosis sanatorium near Lillehammer. In 1917 she became director of nursing for the Voksenkollen sanatorium just outside Oslo. In the 1920s she was involved in training Red Cross nurses at the county hospital in Tønsberg, southwest of Oslo. In 1930 she was honored by the Norwegian Red Cross for her contributions to the organization. She died in Oslo 23 October 1950.

Grandchild 25: Priest's wife in Askim, Østfold

Aadel and Dominicus's third child Aadel Brun (sources) was born 27 July 1866 at Mortenhals and grew up there and in Nærøy and Hjelmeland, where her father was priest from 1880 to 1890. On 27 July 1888 (her 22nd birthday) in Hjelmeland she married Johannes Olsen Børke (sources), who had been born 7 April 1856 at Ulven farm in Ringsaker (about 80 miles north of Oslo) to a church musician. In about 1870 his father had moved about 20 miles further north to Lillehammer, where he became a high school teacher and farmer. Johannes received his theological degree from the University in Oslo in 1879 and spent a couple of years teaching until being appointed in December 1881 as personal chaplain to the priest in Hjelmeland clerical district (his future father-in-law Dominicus Brun). In October 1886 he transferred to Nes clerical district, adjacent to Ringsaker, and in February 1890 to Stange clerical district, about 20 miles southeast of Ringsaker. In September 1893 he was finally promoted to parish priest, serving in Fyresdal clerical district, in the hills of western Telemark county about 130 miles west-southwest of Oslo. He advanced to dean of western Telemark in 1900, but left in June 1903 on a disability pension and moved to Oslo. By 1910 he was apparently feeling well enough to step in as substitute priest for Trøgstad clerical district (about 35 miles southeast of Oslo). In 1911 he was appointed as priest for Askim clerical district, which adjoins Trøgstad, and remained here until reaching mandatory retirement age in 1927. Johannes died in Askim 20 February 1934, and Aadel followed 28 December 1940; they were buried together in Askim cemetery.

Aadel and Dominicus had four children:

(31) Aadel Henriette Børke (1890-1965) - charity leader (and merchant's wife) in Halden

(32) Elisabeth Børke (1892-1901) - died young

(33) Johan Greve Børke (1895-1910) - died young

(34) Ingrid Børke (1897-1979) - priest's wife in Modum, Buskerud

Grandchild 26: Farmer and fisheries inspector in Botne, Vestfold

Aadel and Dominicus's fourth child Dominicus Brun (sources) was born 16 April 1868 at Mortenhals and grew up in Nærøy and in Hjelmeland. As a young man he trained as a gardner and in the late 1880s opened a plant nursery with his brother Sigurd in the coastal port city of Haugesund (about 75 miles south of Bergen). He later sold his interest in the nursery and in November 1892 bought Krabbetveit farm #1 in Tysvær parish, about 8 miles east of Haugesund. On 18 October 1896 at Stavanger cathedral he married Karen Juliane Røvær (sources) (she went by Julie), who had been born 15 July 1870 to a sailor in Haugesund; their first child was born eight months later. Over the next several decades Dominicus turned Krabbetveit into a model farm. Beginning in 1898 he also served during the winter months as a government inspector for the important herring fisheries off western Norway's coast. In November 1916 he sold his Krabbetveit farm and with the proceeds bought Øvre Li farm # 2 in Botne parish, about 40 miles southwest of Oslo. Despite now living in eastern Norway, he continued as a fisheries inspector during the winters, being named as chief inspector for Sogn og Fjordane county north of Bergen in December 1921. He retired as inspector in 1928, and in August 1935 he sold his Øvre Li farm. He spent his last few years as a retiree at Ramberg farm near the village of Nykirke (about 9 miles southeast of Øvre Li), which his son Jacob had purchased that same August, and died 8 March 1940. Julie continued living at Ramberg and died 7 March 1961. She and Dominicus were buried together at Nykirke cemetery in what is now Horten municipality.

Dominicus and Julie had seven children:

(35) Aadel Brun (1897-1981) - piano teacher (and trade agent's wife) in Oslo

(36) Jacob Trygve Brun (1898-1967) - farmer in Nykirke, Vestfold

(37) Erna Brun (1900-1904) - died young

(38) Erling Greve Brun (1902-1929) - emigrant (1928), mechanic in Oslo, died in Canada

(39) Karen Johanne Brun (1904-1993) - policeman's wife in Bergen

(40) Bjarne Brun (1906-1995) - emigrant (bef. 1961), died in Spain

(41) Kaare Martin Røhder (1913-1986) - resident of Bærum, Akershus

Grandchild 27: Missionary in Hunan, China, then resident chaplain in Fredrikstad, Østfold

Aadel and Dominicus's fifth child Sigurd Brun (sources) was born 9 January 1870 at Mortenhals and grew up in Nærøy and in Hjelmeland. In 1885 he was a student at a private middle school in Stavanger, the main city of Rogaland county, and in 1889 he graduated from high school. Thereafter he spent a decade operating a plant nursery in the port city of Haugesund to save up the means to attend university. By 1900 he was a theology student at the University in Oslo, from which he obtained his degree in 1905. The following year he was ordained as a priest in Stavanger and then went as a missionary to China, where he ran the newly-established station of the Norwegian Mission Society in Xinhua (in the center of Hunan province, about 500 miles north-northwest of Hong Kong). This area was subject to considerable unrest as the Qing dynasty came to an end around 1911. On 21 July 1908 at Kuling (another Norwegian mission in Hunan province) he married Aagot Lie (sources), who had been born 12 June 1880 to a bank cashier in Elverum (about 85 miles north of Oslo). She had attended the teacher training school in nearby Hamar and by 1900 was a high school teacher in Ålesund (on the coast about 175 miles north of Bergen), transferring in 1904 to a position in Kragerø (about 100 miles southwest of Oslo). In 1907, after some months of language training in England, she had travelled via the Trans-Siberian Railway to teach at Kuling; after her marriage she joined Sigurd in Xinhua. In the summer of 1915 Sigurd and Aagot traveled back for a two-year stay in Norway, during which time Sigurd was busy raising money and recruiting new missionaries for the Mission Society. From 1917 to 1924 they were back in China, now at the station in Yiyang (roughly 100 miles northeast of Xinhua). After their final return to Norway, and another three years spent campaigning for the Mission Society, Sigurd in October 1927 was named as the resident chaplain for Vestre Fredrikstad parish (about 55 miles south of Oslo). While in the pulpit there on 11 December 1927 he suffered a stroke and was carried home unconscious, dying a week later. Aagot for a while continued to live in Fredrikstad, raising her children while also speaking on behalf of the Mission Society and becoming involved in domestic charity projects (for example, the establishment of a new hospital for Fredrikstad); by 1933 she had moved to Oslo. She died 1 December 1951 and was buried together with Sigurd in Vestre Fredrikstad cemetery.

Sigurd and Aagot had seven children:

(42) Aadel Marie Brun (1909-1980) - geography professor (and theologian's wife) in Oslo

(43) Haldis Brun (1911-1988) - local politician (and judge's wife) in Levanger, Trøndelag

(44) Ingrid Brun (1912-1988) - church activist (and theologian's wife) in Oslo

(45) Bodhild Brun (1914-1993) - electrical engineer's wife in Trondheim

(46) Johan Greve Brun (1916-1999) - medical administrator and spokesman in Oslo

(47) Randi Brun (1918-2012) - translator and teacher (and archivist's wife) in Oslo

(48) Solveig Brun (1921-2016) - teacher (and doctor's wife) in Gjøvik, Oppland

Grandchild 28: Priest in Sør-Audnedal, Vest-Agder

Aadel and Dominicus's sixth child Henrik Brun (sources) was born 25 December 1871 at the priest's farm in Nærøy and grew up there and in Hjelmeland. In 1889 he graduated from high school in Stavanger and enrolled at the University in Oslo, studying medicine before switching to theology. After receiving his theological degree in 1900, he was appointed as personal chaplain to the priest in Sør-Audnedal clerical district (about 30 miles west of Kristiansand) in September 1901. In 1911 he had to retire with a disability pension due to over-exertion combined with the after-effects of influenza. In June 1915 he began to assist the priest of the Deaconess's House in Oslo, which was a church-run teaching hospital that trained nurses and otherwise supported the church's social welfare efforts; by the end of 1916 he was formally appointed as assistant priest there. In 1924 he was named as priest of Sør-Audnedal clerical district and moved back there. On 11 August 1927 in Sør-Audnedal he married Aagot Agnethe Jahnsen (sources), who had been born 4 January 1890 in Tønsberg to the chaplain there; she grew up in Oslo, where her father was the long-serving priest of the Deaconess's House (and thus Henrik's former boss), and remained at home until her father's death in 1926. In 1930 Henrik was promoted to dean of priests for the Mandal region. He retired in 1942 upon reaching mandatory retirement age. Aagot died in Sør-Audnedal about 20 June 1943, and Henrik followed in Oslo 28 November 1951.

Grandchild 29: Died young

Aadel and Dominicus's seventh child Marie Johanne Brun (sources) was born 6 October 1873 at the priest's farm in Nærøy and died there 16 June 1877, age 3 (no cause of death listed in the parish book).

Grandchild 30: Died young

Aadel and Dominicus's eighth child Trygve Brun (sources) was born 15 June 1875 at the priest's farm in Nærøy. According to a family genealogy published in 1909, he died on 12 March 1878, although I have not been able to find the corresponding parish book entry.

Children of Child 9 (Ulrikke Viby Greve) and husband (Harald Wesenberg)

Grandchild 31: Property owner in Sund, Hordaland

Ulrikke and Harald's first child Signy Wesenberg (sources) was born 17 December 1869 in Bergen and grew up there, continuing to live with her parents (and then her widowed mother) during their lifetimes. Around 1922 she acquired a homestead subdivided from the old priest's farm in Sund where her mother had grown up; this was in a neighborhood that soon was called "Klokkervik", or Sacristan's Bay. Signy died there 29 January 1949.

Grandchild 32: Businessman in Bergen

Ulrikke and Harald's second child Finn Wesenberg (sources) was born 3 February 1874 in Bergen and grew up there. After receiving a commercial education from Tank's high school in Bergen, he took over his father's fish business in 1896. In 1914 he married Astrid Kalland (sources), who had been born 22 January 1885 to a merchant of ironware in Bergen; after working as a cashier in Bergen, she had emigrated to Chicago, IL, in 1906 to seek better job opportunities but had returned in the early 1910s. In the late 1910s Finn was manager of a company that mined peat for fuel from a remote coastal island north of Bergen; this was quite profitable during World War I, when coal was difficult to obtain in Bergen. After the war he became owner of a factory that produced herring meal (i.e., ground-up herring to be used as animal feed) and also served on the boards of various Bergen insurance companies. In 1926/27 he served as chairman of the Bergen Chamber of Commerce; he also served on the board of the West Norwegian fish meal producers' association and of a fisheries promotion board. In addition he served two terms on Bergen's city council. Finn died 19 July 1959, and Astrid followed 30 December 1965; they are buried together at Møllendal cemetery in Bergen.

Finn and Astrid had two children:

(49) Harald Wesenberg (1916-1987) - engineer in Årdalstangen, Sogn og Fjordane

(50) Olav Kalland Wesenberg (1916-1996) - business manager in Bergen

Grandchild 33: Office worker in Bergen

Ulrikke and Harald's third child Astrid Wesenberg (sources) was born 4 August 1878 in Bergen and continued to live with her parents (and then her widowed mother) in Bergen for her entire life. In 1904 and again in 1910 she was recorded as an office worker for the Bergen gas works, where her father had been cashier, but in the 1922 census she was recorded as having no means of support. She died 5 February 1931 in Bergen.

Children of Child 12 (Margrethe Greve) and husband (Wilhelm Theting Børs Lind)

Grandchild 34: Teacher in Bergen

Margrethe and Wilhelm's first child Aagot Lind (sources) was born 29 August 1879 in Bergen. By the time of the 1900 census she was a teacher, and in 1905 she was employed by the Ekelund school for the mentally handicapped. She was still a teacher when she died of chronic kidney disease 1 March 1931 in Bergen, age 51. She was buried in St. Jakob Cemetery in Bergen along with her parents and her siblings.

Grandchild 35: City engineer in Lillehammer, Oppland

Margrethe and Wilhelm's second child Torvald Lind (sources) was born 13 May 1882 in Bergen and grew up there. In 1901 he graduated as a building engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim; he then underwent another year of study at the Dresden Institute of Technology in Germany 1903/04. From 1908 to 1912 he worked as an engineer for the city of Bergen, focusing on road and sewer construction but also contributing to the development of Bergen's first large hydroelectric power plant (at Frøland, about 12 miles west of the city) by supervising the construction of the dam and of roads and pipes leading to it. In March 1912 he was appointed as city engineer for Lillehammer, the largest town in Oppland county (roughly 100 miles north of Oslo). As such, he was responsible for road construction, building construction supervision, and municipal water and sewer works. From the beginning he also pushed for major expansion in the city's hydroelectric power plant at Mesna. On 30 December 1915 in Trondheim's cathedral he married Hjørdis Koller (sources), who had been born 19 September 1883 to a tobacco factory owner in Trondheim and had grown up there. In 1910 she had been a nursing student in Oslo, and by 1915 she was back in Trondheim working as a Red Cross nurse. Torvald remained as city engineer for Lillehammer until reaching mandatory retirement age in 1948; he continued to serve as manager for the Mesna power company until 1954. He died in Lillehammer 3 July 1960, and Hjørdis followed 14 December 1969. They were buried together at St. Jakob Cemetery in Bergen in the same plot as his parents, his siblings, and their son.

Torvald and Hjørdis had two children:

(51) Vilhelm Teting Børs Lind (1917-2007) - engineer in Ålesund, Møre og Romsdal

(52) Anne Margrethe Børs Lind (1920-2004) - forest manager's wife in Veldre, Hedmark

Grandchild 36: High school teacher in Bergen

Margrethe and Wilhelm's third child Helga Lind (sources) was born 12 December 1885 in Bergen and grew up there. In 1905 she entered university, studying architecture as well as education. In the 1910s she taught for some years at Amalia Hansen's girls' school in Bergen. She was hired as a teacher at the Bergen High School on probation in 1925 and permanently in 1926, and was still teaching there in 1945. She died 9 July 1945 (age 59) and was buried at St. Jakob Cemetery in Bergen along with her parents, her siblings, her sister-in-law, and her nephew.

Great-grandchildren

Children of Grandchild 2 (Christine Helene Greve) and husband (Tollef Tørresen)

Great-grandchild 1: Emigrant, water supply engineer in New York City, NY

Christine and Tollef's first child, Torris Eide (sources), was born 19 March 1882 at Vester Eide farm #2 in Ølen parish (about 75 miles south of Bergen) and arrived with his mother 12 April 1883 in America, where he grew up in Lee, IL (about 75 miles west of Chicago). He graduated from the University of Illinois in 1904 with a B.S. in Civil Engineering. After temporary stints surveying along the Mississippi River and for a railroad in Idaho he made his way to New York City, where he began working for the city's Board of Water Supply in spring 1906. On 10 October 1911 in Manhattan he married Maude Ernestine Clark (sources), who had been born in early 1875 to a manufacturer in Prattsburg, in upstate New York, and grew up in Naples, NY; she taught at the local academy there and then in Hempstead on Long Island. By 1927, after a couple of decades in New York City, Torris had taken an assignment in Detroit as engineer in charge of the intake tunnel for that city's massive water system expansion. In the summer of 1931 they returned to New York City, where Torris helped design the new Delaware River water supply system; as late as 1969 he was still giving expert witness testimony on behalf of the Board of Water Supply. Maude died on 14 September 1967, and Torris followed in February 1976; they were buried together near her parents in Naples.

Great-grandchild 2: Doctor's wife in Royal Oak, MI

Christine and Tollef's second child, Helene Eide (sources), was born 23 April 1883 in Illinois, just eleven days after her mother had arrived in New York City from Norway. In 1908 she graduated from the School for Nurses attached to the Presbyterian Hospital of the City of Chicago. On 23 June 1909 in Lee County, IL, she married Robert Bain Hasner (sources), who had been born 17 May 1884 to a lawyer in Independence, IA and in 1908 received his M.D. from Rush Medical College, which was affiliated with the University of Chicago. After practicing for a year and a half in Chicago, Robert in April 1910 transferred his medical license to Iowa and established a practice in Cedar Rapids, IA. By January 1918 Robert and Helene had moved to Detroit, and by 1922 they were in Royal Oak, a suburb north of Detroit, where Robert would practice medicine for the remainder of his life. In February 1921 Helene sued for divorce from Robert, charging extreme cruelty and non-support; but the divorce proceedings were then dropped. On 12 March 1934, though, Helene did obtain a divorce on the grounds of extreme and repeated cruelty. By fall 1936 Helene had moved to Chicago, where her daughter was now a college student. She remained in Chicago until at least December 1948. In the summer of 1951 she is mentioned as a resident of Columbus, OH, and by 1952 she had moved back to the Detroit area. In 1956 she was once again a resident of Royal Oak - at just about the time when her ex-husband died (on 16 September 1956). She was still alive and living in Royal Oak in 1960; I have not found a record of her death.

Great-grandchild 3: Baseball player in Lee, IL

Christine and Tollef's third child, John Henry Eide (sources), was born 14 April 1885 in Lee, IL. By 1905 he was a star player for the village’s baseball team, the Lee Reds. In 1908 he played shortstop for the Dixon Browns, an amateur team that lost in the county championship game. The following year the Dixon Browns played as a professional team, with John at first base playing in 82 of the team’s 84 games. He played again in the 1910 season, but the team folded on 4 July 1910 due to a lack of paying fans, ending John’s baseball career. He then returned to working as a clerk in his father’s general store. In early November 1918 he was told to report for officers’ training to Camp Fremont, CA, an order rescinded when World War I suddenly ended. But in early December 1918 John caught pneumonia as a complication of the Spanish flu and died from it on 12 December 1918, age 33.

Great-grandchild 4: Telephone company president in Cleveland, OH

Christine and Tollef's fourth child, Randolph Eide (sources), was born 25 May 1888 in Lee, IL. In 1910 he graduated from the University of Illinois with an A.B. in economics and English; during his senior year he had been business manager of the student newspaper. In March 1911 he became a traffic student with the New York Telephone Company in New York City; over the next six years, he would work in increasingly responsible positions supervising telephone traffic in New Jersey, St. Louis, and Detroit. In August 1915 he was seriously injured in a single-car automobile accident that killed the woman he had been courting. Undeterred, in St. Louis on 17 January 1917 (just before leaving for Detroit) he married Edna Ruth Phillips (sources), who had been born there to a civil engineer 30 April 1898. In May 1917 Randolph was promoted to traffic superintendent for Ohio for the Central Union Telephone Co. in Columbus, OH, where he and Edna lived until his next promotion in January 1921, to general superintendent of traffic for the newly formed Ohio Bell Telephone Company in Cleveland. In March 1925 Randolph was promoted to vice president of Ohio Bell, and on 24 April 1930 elected as the company’s president. By this time Randolph and Edna were living in the tony suburb of Cleveland Heights; by 1940 they were living in the even more exclusive Shaker Heights. Randolph served as Ohio Bell’s president until September 1952, and then another nine months as board chairman until fully retiring at the end of May 1953. He died 30 August 1977, and Edna followed 15 September 1980, also in Cleveland.

Great-grandchild 5: Hardware store owner's wife in Lee, IL

Christine and Tollef's fifth child, Inez Veda Eide (sources), was born 12 December 1891 in Illinois. She apparently received a high school education at the Red Wing Academy in Red Wing, MN, finishing in spring 1909. On 20 September 1916 in Lee, IL, she married Berent Prestegaard (sources), who had been born 7 May 1888 to Norwegian immigrants and grown up on their farm in Alto Township, Lee County. At first the couple continued to farm in Alto Township. But by 1930 they had moved to Lee, IL, where Berent (known as Bennie) operated a hardware store and also served as assistant postmaster for 15 years. He died on 12 February 1972 in Dixon, IL; she followed on 13 February 1979 in Lee. They were buried together at the Lutheran Church cemetery in Lee.

Great-grandchild 6: Chemical company executive in Columbus, OH

Christine and Tollef's sixth child, Alwin Clyde Eide (sources), was born 28 April 1893 in Lee County, IL. After preparatory studies at Lutheran College in Decorah, IA, he entered the University of Illinois, from which he graduated in June 1915 with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering. He then worked as a chemist with various metal refining companies in East Chicago, IL, Caney, KS, and St. Louis, MO. On 5 June 1918 in Capron, IL (about 75 miles northwest of Chicago), after a courtship lasting about 5 years, he married Mabel Jeannette Johnson (sources), who had been born 18 February 1894 to a farming couple just outside the village of Capron. She was an accomplished pianist, playing in a local orchestra with her brothers and some friends. From 1920 through at least August 1923 Alwin and his wife (who went by Mayme) lived in Oak Park, IL, just outside Chicago, where he worked as a chemist. By December 1923 they had moved to Columbus, OH, where Alwin worked as a sales engineer for the American Zinc Oxide Co., rising by 1953 to vice president and general manager of the company. On 8 December 1948 Mayme died in Columbus of brain cancer. On 2 January 1960 in Los Angeles Alwin married Cleta L. Myers (sources), who had been born 2 September 1907 in Hartford, OH, and had been briefly married just after she moved to Columbus in 1926, where she worked as a phone operator for a retail dry goods store. Cleta died on 26 January 1973 in Columbus and was buried near her parents in Hartford; Alwin followed on 14 October 1980 and was buried with his first wife in Long Prairie Lutheran Cemetery outside Capron, IL.

Great-grandchild 7: Died in infancy

Christine and Tollef's seventh child, Carrie Marguerite Eide (sources), was born 3 July 1897 and baptised 8 August 1897 at Lee Lutheran church. She died in 1898.

Children of Grandchild 5 (Einar Greve) and wife (Nelly Leonora Olsen)

Great-grandchild 8: Shipping company owner in Bergen

Einar and Nelly's first child, Johan Fritzner Greve (sources), was born 1 July 1900 in Bergen. He was educated for a business career, with several stints abroad in the United States 1921/22 and in Germany 1923. In 1925 he became a clerk for the Mowinckel Shipping Company in Bergen (its owner, Johan Ludwig Mowinckel, was also a leading Liberal Party politician and served several times as Norway's prime minister). On 4 September 1926 in Bergen he married Elisabeth Lund Christiansen (sources), who had been born 10 January 1904 in Bergen to a shipping company owner and had spent time in Sydney, Australia, in her childhood. In 1937 Johan established his own shipping company, Johan Greves Rederi A/S. One of his steamships ran aground and broke apart in 1939 while transporting coal from northern England to Norway. By 1958 Johan was once again working for the Mowinckel Shipping Company. Johan died 25 April 1973, and Elisabeth followed 17 April 1993; they were buried together at Møllendal cemetery in Bergen.

Great-grandchild 9: Lawyer in Bergen

Einar and Nelly's second child, Gunnar Greve (sources), was born 15 April 1904 in Bergen. In 1923 he began studying law in Oslo, obtaining his law degree in 1925. For the next three years he worked in various law offices in Oslo and Bergen. On 25 June 1927 in Bergen he married Evy Astri Krohn Riisøen (sources), who had been born 11 May 1902 in Bergen to a merchant. In 1928 Gunnar established a law practice in Bergen with Claus Daae Olson, and in 1938 was admitted to Norway's supreme court bar. From 1941 until 1954 he operated the law firm by himself; in the latter year he admitted his two sons to the firm. By 1973 he sat on the board of directors of a number of shipping, banking, and other companies. Evy died in Bergen 17 August 1989, and Gunnar followed 6 February 1990.

Children of Grandchild 11 (Johan Fritzner Greve) and wife (Birgit Heiberg)

Great-grandchild 10: Appeals court judge's wife in Tromsø

Johan and Birgit's first child Ellen Greve (sources) was born 23 July 1894 in Oslo and grew up in Larvik (75 miles southwest of Oslo), where her father was a teacher from 1902 to 1915. In 1910 she returned to Oslo, completing mercantile high school in 1912 and thereafter working as an office clerk. In 1921 she completed the one-year university-level curriculum in social studies offered by the Norwegian Women's Council. On 3 July 1922 in Lillehammer (a town about 100 miles north of Oslo where her parents had lived since 1915) she married Carl Wilhelm Hartmann (sources), who had been born 3 July 1880 to a doctor in Kongsberg (about 50 miles west of Oslo). Carl had obtained his law degree from the University in Oslo in 1902 and had worked his way up through various prosecutor's offices in Bodø (northern Norway) and Oslo until being appointed as district attorney for Telemark and Aust Agder counties in 1917, the same year his first wife died. Carl and Ellen settled in Skien (a port city and administrative center for Telemark county, 75 miles southwest of Oslo and 20 miles northwest of Larvik), where Carl was mayor in 1929/30. In 1931 Carl was elected from Skien to the national parliament, where he was one of two Liberal Party members who caused their party's government to fall by voting against a controversial business concession. In 1932 Carl was appointed as a judge for the Court of Appeals for Hålogaland (covering the three northernmost counties of Norway) in the northern city of Tromsø. After he retired in 1947, Carl and Ellen moved back to Lillehammer, where Carl died 25 June 1957 and Ellen followed 29 December 1975.

Great-grandchild 11: Emigrant, businessman in Oran, Algeria

Johan and Birgit's second child Henrik Greve (sources) was born 7 July 1896 in Oslo and grew up in Larvik. He completed mercantile high school in Oslo in 1914 (two years after his older sister had done likewise). In 1918/19 he spent a year in New York before returning to work as an office clerk in Oslo. In 1922 he left for Caen, in the Normandy region of northern France, and a year later for Oran, the second largest city in French Algeria (located on the Mediterranean about 270 miles west of Algiers), where he worked three years for a lumber company. After a year of working for a shipping broker in Algiers he returned to Oran, where in 1928 he became a clerk for James Logie & Cie., a Scottish company that exported esparto (a type of reed used to weave baskets, shoes, rugs, and similar items). He eventually became a sub-director for this company. On 17 December 1932 in Oran he married Georgette-Josephine Traissac (sources), who had been born 26 July 1906 to a French colonial administrator in Djidjelli (now Jijel, about 200 miles east of Algiers) and had grown up in Oran, where she then operated a pharmacy. On 28 July 1942 word reached Norway that Henrik had died a day after an operation in Oran. I have been unable to trace what happened to Georgette.

Great-grandchild 12: Emigrant, road surveyor in Mackay, Queensland

Johan and Birgit's third child Fridthjof Heiberg Greve (sources) was born 14 May 1899 in Oslo and grew up in Larvik. It appears he started university in Norway in 1919, but in 1921 he left for Queensland, Australia, where he spent five years working on a cattle ranch. After a brief stint back home as a farm laborer in Lillehammer he returned to Queensland in early 1928 via East Africa. By 1930 he was working for the Queensland Main Roads Commission. He was based in the commission's office in Rockhampton, a coastal city about 370 miles north of the state capital of Brisbane, but his work took him deep into the outback; in 1931, for example, he was an axeman for a road survey crew near Dunbar Tank, about 550 miles west of Rockhampton. That same year he was naturalized as an Australian. In 1936/37 he was an assistant surveyor stationed in Thangool, about 110 miles south of Rockhampton. On 10 April 1939 in Gayndah (about 120 miles further south-southeast) he married Marion Alison Burrow (sources), who had been born 28 November 1913 in Maryborough (about 90 miles due east of Gayndah, close to the coast) to a farm agent and veteran of the Boer War; she grew up about 10 miles outside Gayndah, where her father had acquired his own farm by 1925. After their wedding Marion accompanied Fridthjof on his road surveys in the outback 300 to 500 miles west of Rockhampton; in an oral history interview conducted about 1979 she vividly described the extremely primitive conditions in the camps that the survey crews occupied over the next three years. In 1942 Fridthjof volunteered for engineering work with the Australian armed forces in its island campaigns against Japan, while Marion remained in Barcaldine (about 320 miles west of Rockhampton) and then Gayndah to take care of their children. After the war Fridthjof resumed his road survey work in the outback, but from at least 1954 he was based in Mackay, a coastal city (and capital of Australia's sugarcane region) about 200 miles north of Rockhampton. Fridthjof was still listed as a surveyor in the 1968 electoral register, but was retired by 1972. Both Fridthjof and Marion were still listed as living in Mackay in the 1977 electoral register. According to the Queensland death registry Fridthjof died in 1979; that year, Marion was living in Scarborough, a northern suburb of Brisbane. I have found no record for Marion after 1979.

Great-grandchild 13: Hydroelectric power plant engineer in Oslo

Johan and Birgit's fourth child William Heiberg Greve (sources) was born 5 December 1901 in Oslo and grew up in Larvik and Lillehammer. In 1924 he graduated as a civil engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim. In spring 1925 he traveled to South America, where he first worked three years as a surveyor for the Chile Exploration Company's enormous copper mine in Chuquicamata. He then worked four years as a mining engineer for a tin mining company in Bolivia, but did not like the climate there. After a short stint at a saltpeterworks in Chile he returned to Norway about 1931/32. Here he became a mining engineer for a large iron ore mine (which also produced vanadium, an important element for steel alloys) near the town of Raudsund in Nesset parish (about 100 miles southwest of Trondheim). On 22 November 1943 in Nesset, William married Karen Olsdatter Bersås (sources), who had been born 9 December 1910 to a country merchant in the town of Eidsvåg in Nesset parish. In 1946 he became an engineer for the Aura hydroelectric power plant, which was being constructed high in the mountains about 40 miles south of Raudsund. In the 1950s he was a supervising engineer for the building of several of Norway's largest hydroelectric plants at Røssåga and Innsett in the north of the country, In 1961 he was promoted to chief of construction for the government's hydroelectric power department in Oslo, a position he occupied until at least 1971; during this time he helped to design northern Europe's largest hydroelectric power complex at Ulla-Førre. By 1976 he was retired and living near Eidsvåg, where he died 9 June 1981. Karen followed 4 May 1989, and they were buried together in Eidsvåg's cemetery.

Child of Grandchild 13 (Mens Greve) and wife (Dagny Hjorth)

Great-grandchild 14: Teacher in Oslo

Mens and Dagny's only child Laura Elisabeth Greve (sources) (who went by Elisabeth) was born 8 June 1905 on her father's farm of Ekelia in Rokke parish, less than two miles north of the city of Frederikshald (and about 60 miles south-southeast of Oslo) and grew up in Frederikshald and Oslo. In 1932 she graduated from the University in Oslo with the equivalent of a master's degree in English, German, and history, although her grades were not particularly strong (in American terminology, she had a C average). In the late 1930s she taught for a couple of years at a private high school in Mosjøen, nearly 250 miles north of Trondheim, and then another year in Risør in southern Norway. Thereafter she appears to have supported herself as a private tutor in Oslo. In 1940 and again in the mid-1950s she featured repeatedly in newspaper stories about candidacies for teaching positions across Norway, but she appears not to have obtained any of them. In 1970 she was living near Fagerborg church in central Oslo, where her parents had already lived before the war. She died 26 January 1991 and was buried at Vår Frelser (Our Savior) cemetery in Oslo with her mother.

Children of Grandchild 14 (Thora Greve) and husband (Eilert Patrick Juul)

Great-grandchild 15: Emigrant, rancher in Caruthers, CA

Thora and Eilert's first child Sigurd Kristian Juul (sources) was born 29 March 1888 at the priest's farm in Aurlandsvangen, at the end of Aurlandsfjord about 90 miles northeast of Bergen. In January 1908, not yet 20 years old, he emigrated (via Bergen, Liverpool, and New York) to Fresno County, California, where he had apparently been offered a position as a farm laborer. By 1914 he was working as a teamster near Fowler, about 11 miles southeast of downtown Fresno; by 1917 he had his own farm just north of Monmouth, about 11 miles south of Fresno. After having declared his intention to become a U.S. citizen in 1914, he was drafted into the army in July 1918 and sent to Camp Lewis, in Washington State, for training with a trench mortar brigade. World War I ended before he could be sent to Europe, but while in camp he did become a U.S. citizen. For the next two decades he operated a fruit farm outside Monmouth. In the late 1930s he became a rancher just south of Caruthers, about 6 miles southwest of Monmouth, where he died 1 December 1958.

Great-grandchild 16: State forest surveyor in Oslo

Thora and Eilert's second child Johan Greve Juul (sources) was born 19 September 1889 at the priest's farm in Aurlandsvangen. After graduating from high school in 1907 he spent three years at the forestry school in Steinkjer, north of Trondheim, and another three years in the forestry department of the National College of Agriculture in Ås, outside of Oslo, from which he obtained the equivalent of a master's degree in forestry in 1913. After a couple of years in private industry he became an office clerk in the forest survey department of the State Forest Service, rising to become an assistant surveyor in 1916, a Second Surveyor in 1919, and a First Surveyor in 1935. The role of this department was to examine and assess timber tracts owned by the government, making sure that timber harvests were sustainable. During the summers Johan would volunteer to survey in some of the most remote and inaccessible tracts across Norway, and during the winters he won his colleagues' admiration for being a congenial co-worker in the Oslo office. He also served on a committee in 1929/30 that developed new standards for surveying, and he contributed numerous technical articles on forest management. On 7 June 1921 in Oslo's Uranienborg church he married Signe Bie (sources), who had been born 31 October 1898 in the village of Geithus (about 30 miles west of Oslo) to the manager of a paper factory. By the time Johan retired from the forest service in October 1957 they were living in Jar, a neighborhood in the very upscale suburb of Bærum just west of Oslo. Johan died here 3 February 1965, and Signe followed 16 October 1972; they were buried together in Haslum cemetery in Bærum.

Great-grandchild 17: Teacher in Oslo, then farmer's wife in Osa, Hordaland

Thora and Eilert's third child Anne Elisabeth Juul (sources) was born 2 January 1891 at the priest's farm in Aurlandsvangen. By 1910 she was a student at the teacher's seminary in Hamar, about 60 miles north of Oslo. In January 1915 she obtained a position as teacher at the Lilleaker elementary school in what was then a western suburb of Oslo. While there she translated a book of "moral lessons for youngsters" by noted English author (and secular humanist) Frederick James Gould. In January 1924 she transferred to Bryn elementary school, in an eastern suburb of Oslo. While living in the Oslo area she also joined the Norwegian Botanical Association, to whose board of directors she was elected in March 1941. Later that year (at age 50) she married Lars Ellingsen Osa (sources), who had been born 23 April 1881 to a farmer in the remote village of Osa in Ulvik parish, about 30 miles south of Aurlandsvangen, and had taken over his father's farm in 1903. They were already related; Lars's niece Gudrun, who had grown up at Lars's farm after her mother had died, had married Anne's younger brother Atle in 1931. Anne gave up her teaching position and settled in as a farmer's wife in Osa - a transition that was not too hard for her, given her youth on the priest's farm in Aurlandsvangen. Anne died in Osa 4 April 1962, and Lars followed 3 January 1969. They were buried together at the New Cemetery in Ulvik.

Great-grandchild 18: Teacher (and state mycologist's wife) in Oslo

Thora and Eilert's fourth child Caroline Juul (sources) was born 22 September 1892 at the priest's farm in Aurlandsvangen. By 1910 she was a student in Oslo, and by 1921 she was a teacher there. On 29 July 1921 in Aurlandsvangen she married Ivar Jørstad (sources), who had been born 14 July 1887 to a priest in Hitra, on a coastal island west of Trondheim. After finishing high school in Trondheim in 1906, Ivar had spent several years as a postal worker in southern Norway and as a laborer in the Australian outback before entering the University in Oslo in 1913, where he majored in botany and scored some of the highest grades in the university's history. After graduating in 1919 with the equivalent of a master's degree in science, he was appointed as Norway's first state mycologist, with the mission of investigating fungal diseases that affected Norwegian agriculture. In 1920 he earned a master's of science degree from the University of Wisconsin in America, and in 1934 a Ph.D. from the University in Oslo. By the time he retired in 1957, he had also received several honorary doctorates and numerous other accolades for his many scientific contributions on fungi and plant pathology. Meanwhile, Caroline continued her teaching career, teaching at Østensjø elementary school in a southeastern suburb of Oslo from 1928 and being appointed supervisory teacher there in 1948. In 1935 she published a volume of poems in the dialect of her native Sogn region, and in 1939 an illustrated volume of poems for small children. Caroline died in Oslo 5 February 1962, and Ivar followed 8 June 1967; they were buried together at East Fredrikstad cemetery in Fredrikstad.

Great-grandchild 19: County horticulturist in Aurland, Sogn og Fjordane

Thora and Eilert's fifth child Atle Juul (sources) was born 3 April 1894 at the priest's farm in Aurlandsvangen. After attending Hjeltnes horticultural school (a secondary school focusing on vocational education) in Ulvik (about 30 miles south of Aurlandsvangen), he entered the National Agricultural College in Ås, just outside Oslo, from which he obtained the equivalent of a master's degree in horticulture in 1917. After spending some years as instructor at the college, he then served as horticulture teacher at the Hjeltnes school from 1920 to 1927 before becoming horticulture teacher at the agricultural and horticultural school in his hometown. In October 1931 in Ulvik he married Gudrun Guttormsdatter (sources), who had been born 29 March 1901 at Brekke farm just outside Flåm village, about 5 miles south of Aurlandsvangen. By 1910, after her mother had died and her father had remarried, she was living with her maternal grandmother and her uncle Lars Ellingsen Osa in Osa village, about 5 miles east of Ulvik, and she probably met Atle while he was teaching in Ulvik. Gudrun died in Aurlandsvangen 2 May 1939, aged only 38. In 1944 Atle was appointed as county horticulturist for the Sogn region. He died suddenly (after collapsing on his way to get some milk one evening) 22 October 1953 and was buried together with Gudrun at Vangen cemetery in Aurlandsvangen.

Great-grandchild 20: Farmer in Sandar, Vestfold

Thora and Eilert's sixth child Erling Juul (sources) was born 8 February 1897 at the priest's farm in Aurlandsvangen. He graduated from the National Agricultural College in Ås, just outside Oslo, in 1920, and thereafter apparently worked as a farm laborer, including in Snertingdal outside Hamar, about 75 miles north of Oslo. In March 1929 he left for Canada, where he worked as a farm laborer in Midale, Saskatchewan, until returning to Norway in March 1932. In April 1934 he finally acquired his own farm, buying Hotvet farm #1 in Sandar parish, about 60 miles south of Oslo. Now finally with a settled existence, on 26 March 1935 back home in Aurlandsvangen he married Lukris Olsdatter (sources), who had been born 6 February on her father's farm of Øyum in Vassbygdi village, about 7 miles upvalley from Aurlandsvangen, and had been a leader in both temperance and youth organizations while growing up there. Erling died at Hotvet farm 28 January 1946; his obituary noted that he had truly loved farming and had made many friends. By summer 1946 Lukris had sold the farm and moved back to Aurland, where she raised her children and in later years was active in both municipal and parish affairs. She died 9 October 1983, and she and Erling were buried together at Vangen cemetery in Aurlandsvangen in the same plot as Erling's parents.

Children of Grandchild 18 (Inga Greve) and husband (Nils Landmark Lem)

Great-grandchild 21: Fish cannery owner in Måløy, Sogn og Fjordane

Inga and Nils's first child Audun Lem (sources) was born 30 April 1888 in the village of Sogndalsfjøra, about 100 miles northeast of Bergen, and grew up there. In 1906 he graduated from the mercantile high school in Bergen, and thereafter went to work as an office clerk and bookkeeper for his uncle Ulf Lem, who operated a fish export business in the fishing port of Måløy (then in Sør-Vågsøy municipality and now part of Vågsøy municipality), about 150 miles north of Bergen. In September 1913 Audun joined Hans Søreide (who had also clerked for Ulf Lem) in establishing the Firda Canning Co., which built a new large fish cannery in Måløy. On 8 July 1916 in Stryn (about 55 miles inland from Måløy) Audun married Karen Brodtkorb (sources), who had been born 2 August 1888 in Tingvoll (not far from Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal county) and had grown up in Faleide (about 4 miles west of Stryn), where her father served as district doctor. In August 1917 the cannery in Måløy burned down, and by early 1919 Audun had sold his share of the company to his partner and moved to Oslo, where he apparently worked for a governmental fisheries agency. But in early 1923 Audun moved back to Måløy and acquired control of the Firda Canning Co. Under his direction the cannery became a success, and by 1937 Audun paid the second-highest wealth and income tax in Sør-Vågsøy. Now in his 50s, Audun also became involved in civic affairs, serving as a director of the municipal works department (in charge of electricity, water, and similar infrastructure), of the town's private bank, of the local chamber of commerce, and of the county-owned ferry company that provided transportation to Bergen. Karen meanwhile served a term on the municipality's animal welfare council and also became engaged in efforts to combat tuberculosis and multiple sclerosis. Karen died in Måløy 27 March 1970, and Audun followed 7 August 1980; they were buried together at the Sør-Vågsøy cemetery.

Great-grandchild 22: Mechanical engineer in Stavanger

Inga and Nils's second child Bjarne Lem (sources) was born 15 July 1889 in Sogndalsfjøra. He graduated in 1909 from the Horten Technical School (an engineering institute) outside of Oslo and received further training as a mechanical engineer at a private polytechnical institute in Strelitz, northern Germany, from which he graduated in 1914. After several short-term jobs he found a position in 1916 at Myren's factory in Oslo, at that point Norway's largest producer of machinery with more than a thousand employees; Bjarne eventually rose to departmental engineer there. On 31 March 1920 in Oslo Bjarne married Hildegard Margarethe Lunde (sources), who had been born 26 September 1893 in Sandvika, just to the west of Oslo, and had grown up in Stavanger (Norway's fourth-largest city, on the southwestern coast), where her father became owner of a tin pressing and printing factory that specialized in producing cans and other packaging material. In 1910 Hildegard was a student in Oslo and lived in the same girls dormitory as Caroline Juul, Bjarne's cousin; it is likely that Bjarne met her through Caroline, especially as Caroline was one of the two chief witnesses at their wedding. In 1924 Bjarne and Hildegard moved to Stavanger, where Bjarne went to work for his father-in-law, eventually rising to chief engineer as well as serving on the company's board of directors. For many years Bjarne sought means to standardise the production of cans in Norway and thereby gained considerable renown within the canning industry. Outside of work Bjarne was an enthusiastic sports-fisherman. Bjarne died 13 April 1960 in Stavanger, and Hildegard followed 25 September 1972; they were buried together in Stavanger's Eiganes cemetery.

Great-grandchild 23: Fruit grower in Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane

Inga and Nils's third child Johan Greve Lem (sources) was born 26 April 1892 in Sogndalsfjøra and grew up there. After graduating from commercial high school in Bergen in 1916, he went to work as an office clerk for his uncle Ulf Lem in the fishing port of Måløy (just as his older brother Audun had done before him). On 23 June 1920 in Bergen he married Halldis Karoline Hartmann (sources), who had been born 19 January 1893 at Nedre Berge farm in Selje, just north of Måløy, where her father had been lensmann or sheriff since 1882 as the successor of Johan's grandfather Arnoldus Hess Lem. After Johan's father died in 1921, Johan and Halldis moved back to Sogndalsfjøra, where Johan became administrator of his mother's property. Halldis died there 12 July 1923 (age only 30) of tuberculosis and was buried in Selje; Johan, although he had a young son, apparently did not remarry. In the late 1920s and early 1930s Johan was a commercial breeder of silver foxes in Sogndal. In 1941 his mother sold to him the homestead and attached fruit orchard that his father had first bought in 1881; in 1962, on the occasion of his 70th birthday, Johan was called a fruit grower and farmer. Johan in turn sold the homestead and orchard to his son in 1965 and died in Sogndal 10 August 1969; he was buried in Stedje cemetery close to his parents.

Great-grandchild 24: Civil engineer in Oslo

Inga and Nils's fourth child Andreas Arnoldus Hess Lem (sources) was born 13 June 1896 in Sogndalsfjøra. In 1914 he graduated from the Bergen technical high school and then furthered his education as a civil engineer by working for various waterworks engineers. In winter 1919/20 he attended the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich. From 1921 to 1925 he worked for the Norwegian State Railways on the design and construction of railroads both in southern Norway and north of Trondheim. He spent the next nine years as an engineer on the design and surveying of a hydroelectric power plant with associated reservoir in Rogaland county. From 1934 to 1938 he worked with Danish engineering firm Consortium Kampsax on the construction of the Trans-Iranian Railway. In November 1936 in Oslo, while on a visit home from Iran, he married Inga Lovise Vinje Ludvigsen (sources), who had been born 22 August 1907 to a businessman in Moss (about 35 miles south of Oslo) and by 1936 was an office worker in Oslo. After completing his work in Iran Andreas spent a couple of years on the double-tracking of a suburban railway west of Oslo. He then became a consulting engineer, first with a consulting firm and from 1947 on his own account. He specialized as a technical consultant for water supply and hydroelectric power projects. Andreas died in Oslo 26 December 1983 and Inga followed 6 August 2001 (after having spent some time at a nursing home); they were buried together at Oslo's Western Cemetery.

Great-grandchild 25: Police chief's wife in Florø, Sogn og Fjordane

Inga and Nils's fifth child Anna Elisabeth Skjoldborg Lem (sources) (who went by Lilly) was born 26 October 1902 in Sogndalsfjøra. On 9 July 1923 (apparently in Oslo) she married Oddvin Sindre (sources), who had been born 28 April 1895 at Sindre farm in Innvik parish (about 60 miles north of Sogndal) to a farmer who also spent time as a liberal newspaper editor, mayor, and one-term member of the national parliament. Oddvin had graduated from the commercial high school in Bergen in 1917 after spending a couple of years in France, Spain, and Sweden and had worked for five years in various commercial office jobs before becoming an assistant in Sogn og Fjordane's county tax department in 1922. In 1926 Oddvin was named as sheriff for his native Innvik municipality, and during his time there he won several awards for marksmanship. In his spare time Oddvin also completed a university education, obtaining his law degree in December 1938. In 1939 he was named as county auditor for Sogn og Fjordane county, and he also served as business manager for the county supply department (in charge of rationing), but he was dismissed from both positions in 1941 (during the German occupation of Norway) in favor of a Nazi candidate. Over the next four years he supported himself as an attorney. On 8 May 1945 (the day the Germans surrendered) he took over for a week as acting police chief for the county, arresting Nazi collaborators until the exiled police chief could return. Later that year he was reinstated as county auditor. From 1946 to 1954 he also served as county chairman for the governing Labour Party. In June 1954 he was named as police chief for the Fjordane district (the northern half of Sogn og Fjordane county), with headquarters in the city of Florø, a position he held until reaching mandatory retirement age at the end of 1964. While in Florø Lilly was active in the local concert club. After retirement, Oddvin and Lilly moved back to Lilly's hometown of Sogndalfjøra, where Oddvin maintained a legal practice into his 80s. Lilly died in Sogndal 1 December 1970, and Oddvin died at age 97 on 26 August 1992 (apparently in his home municipality of Innvik, where he was once again living by 1990). They were buried together near her parents in Stedje cemetery in Sogndal.

Children of Grandchild 23 (Johan Greve Brun) and wife (Inez Izett)

Great-grandchild 26: Real estate agent in Sydney, NSW

Johan and Inez's first child Johan Nagel Andoy Greve Le Brun (sources) was born 9 May 1894 in Timaru (about 90 miles south of Christchurch, New Zealand) and grew up in the fashionable Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. In early 1910 he followed his father to England and went to engineering school in Bedford, about 55 miles north of London, but had difficulty finding work after completing his studies. Upon outbreak of war in 1914 he joined the army and in the summer of 1915 was sent first to Egypt and then to Suvla Bay, as part of the ill-fated Gallipoli Campaign to take the Dardanelles Straits from the Ottoman Empire. Severely wounded (fractured skull and injuries to right arm) on 21 August 1915, he was evacuated to a military hospital in England for a long convalescence, after which he was assigned to a desk job with the Royal Flying Corps. In July 1920 he returned to Australia. On 10 September 1925 in the suburb of Vaucluse (5 miles east of downtown Sydney) he married Emily Annie Connell (sources) (her father later dropped the Connell name and the family went by Hughes), who had been born 13 January 1897 to a hotel keeper in Hobart, Tasmania; her family moved no later than 1915 to the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, where her father lived another three decades from his investments. Johan and Emily lived at first in Vaucluse, where he was listed in 1930 and 1931 as an estate agent (what Americans would call a realtor). By 1934 they had moved slightly closer to downtown, and Johan from now on would be listed in the electoral registers as having no occupation. By 1949 he was no longer living with Emily, and their divorce became final by 1954 (Emily continued to live in the Eastern Suburbs and died there in 1982). That same year Johan married Kathleen Pomeroy Allen (sources), who had been born 9 October 1903 to a draper in Parramatta (about 15 miles west of downtown Sydney) and had worked as a government clerk for nine years before marrying a manufacturer and moving to Vaucluse in 1930; her first husband's death in 1952 had left her a rich widow. Johan and Kathleen settled on Sydney's North Shore in the suburb of Castlecrag (about 5 miles north of downtown Sydney), where Johan died 9 December 1963 and Kathleen followed 27 May 1995.

Great-grandchild 27: Pharmacist in Sydney, NSW

Johan and Inez's second child Dore Hjalmar Greve Le Brun (sources) was born 23 November 1895 in Christchurch, New Zealand, and grew up in the fashionable Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. In 1919 he was a partner (along with his mother and his grandmother) in the U.B.O. pharmacy that was associated with the Child Study and Adult Health Organization led by his grandmother. On 22 April 1922 in Sydney he married Rosalie Marion Corin (sources), the daughter (possibly born in South Africa) of an English-born engineer who fought in the Boer War and was hired by the Sydney Metropolitan Water and Sewer Board about 1914. Throughout the 1930s Dore was identified on electoral registers as a chemist (what an American would call a pharmacist). By 1931 he was no longer living with Rosalie, and their divorce became final on 17 March 1933; Rosalie apparently moved back to South Africa and remarried in Newlands, Cape Province. In 1935 in the Eastern Suburbs Dore married Jessie Millicent Ball (sources), who had been born 17 December 1902 to a traveling salesman in the northern suburbs of Melbourne; by the early 1930s she was a typist living with her parents in the North Shore suburbs of Sydney and attending the same balls as Dore's sister Aadel. In 1943 Dore and Jessie were living in the suburb of East Lindfield (about 7 miles north of downtown Sydney), and Dore worked as a manager. Dore died there 12 June 1943, aged only 47. Jessie remarried in 1947 and died 17 Feb 1966 in the North Shore suburbs.

Great-grandchild 28: Accountant in Sydney, NSW

Johan and Inez's third child Erling Ingvarde Greve Le Brun (sources) was born 30 June 1899 in Wellington, New Zealand, and grew up in the fashionable Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. On 4 June 1924 in Darling Point, just east of downtown Sydney, he married Kathleen Browne (sources), who had been born 22 February 1898 to a skilled metalworker and inventor in Armadale, a southeastern suburb of Melbourne; in 1915 her father had moved to Sydney to profit from ships using one of his inventions. Erling was listed 1924 for the first time in the Sydney city directory as an accountant, working at the same address as the U.B.O. pharmacy co-owned by his grandmother, mother, and brother. By 1926 he was a chartered accountant working in downtown Sydney, and by 1929 he had become a partner in an accounting firm with offices in Sydney and the inland market town of Dubbo. The firm dissolved in 1934, with Erling taking over the Sydney office. He was still working as a public accountant in the 1950s, and as late as 1980 listed himself as an accountant on the electoral register. He and Kathleen continued to reside in the wealthy suburbs of Rose Bay and Bellevue Hill. In 1931 Erling was on the state executive committee of the All for Australia League, a short-lived effort to found a new conservative party in the depths of the Great Depression. A year later he was a co-founder of the Woollahra Golf Club, serving as its vice-president in 1940 and president in 1946. From 1946 to about 1951/52 he also served as the secretary of the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia, which organized an annual regatta from Sydney to Hobart. Kathleen died 26 April 1981, and Erling followed 15 December 1982.

Great-grandchild 29: Dressmaker in Sydney, NSW

Johan and Inez's fourth child Aadel Swanhilde Greve Le Brun (sources) was born 6 May 1901 in suburban Sydney. In October 1923 she passed the exam in Sydney to become a Licentiate of the Associated Board of the Royal Academy and Royal College of Music, thereby earning a diploma as a piano teacher, but she did not appear in the electoral register as a music teacher until the mid-1930s. By 1943 she was working as dressmaker, an occupation she maintained until at least 1968. She remained with her mother and continued living at Inez's last address in the suburb of Bellevue Hill for another dozen years after her death. In the 1970s she lived in the eastern suburb of Woollahra. At some time in the 1980s she moved to a nursing home in Gordon, about 9 miles northwest of downtown Sydney, where she died 8 July 1990.

Great-grandchild 30: Radio announcer in Lismore, NSW

Johan and Inez's fifth child Thorvald Bjornson Greve Le Brun (sources) (who generally went by Peter) was born 30 April 1903 in Arncliffe, a suburb about 7 miles south of downtown Sydney, and grew up in the fashionable Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. He had a love for theater; in October 1931 he appeared in Melbourne in a touring production of the popular musical comedy Florodora, and in early 1933 he was part of a Gilbert & Sullivan company in Sydney. But this was apparently not a viable career, and by September 1936 he had moved to Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, where he hosted a daily hour-long show on radio station 4BH. In 1938 he moved to radio station 4SB in Kingaroy, a small city about 130 miles northwest of Brisbane. On 3 April 1941 in Murwillumbah (just across the New South Wales border about 80 miles south of Brisbane) he married Marie Elsie Kay (sources), who had been born 24 April 1918 to Murwillumbah's town clerk and who by 1939 was working for the town's radio station 2MW. In May 1942 Peter got a job as annoucer for radio station 2LM in Lismore, about 45 miles south of Murwillumbah, and within ten years became the station's manager. Marie died 16 July 1961, aged only 43, and Peter followed 1 August 1977.

Children of Grandchild 25 (Aadel Brun) and husband (Johannes Olsen Børke)

Great-grandchild 31: Charity leader (and merchant's wife) in Halden, Østfold

Aadel and Johannes's first child Aadel Henriette Børke (sources) was born 4 July 1890 at Lalum, the priest's farm in Stange parish (about 65 miles north of Oslo) and grew up in Fyresdal (about 130 miles west-southwest of Oslo), Oslo, and Askim (about 35 miles southeast of Oslo), where in the early 1920s she was working as a middle school teacher while living with her parents at the priest's farm. On 23 September 1922 in Askim she married Ole Berner Norvik (sources), who had been born 20 May 1887 to a trader in Nærøy (about 140 miles north of Trondheim) and grew up in the village of Elvegård near Narvik (some 350 miles further north), where his father was a carpenter in 1900. In 1910 Ole had worked in the machine shop of a large iron-ore mine near Kirkenes, in the furthest northeastern extremity of Norway, but by 1919 he had settled in Askim, where he was manager of a factory for electrical goods (and a partner in a local restaurant). Shortly before his marriage Ole had gone into business selling and installing electrical goods, later branching out to sell other kinds of household goods as well. In 1932 Ole and Aadel moved to the city of Halden (about 35 miles south of rural Askim), where Ole bought an established business called "The Halden Glass Store". Despite its name, it was actually a variety store; in 1933 it advertised ceramics, pottery, and crystalware, and a Christmas ad from 1946 offered doll's carriages, baby highchairs, vacuums, and electrical razors. Ole continued to operate this store until turning it over to his son Gunnar in 1957/58. Meanwhile, in 1936 Aadel was a co-founder of "Friends of the Blind" and, as its chairwoman from that year until 1961, built it into both Halden's largest charity and the largest Norwegian charity for the blind. Upon finally resigning as chairwoman she was awarded the Royal Medal of Merit for her services. Ole died in Halden 3 February 1960, and Aadel followed 18 October 1965; they were buried together at Os cemetery in Halden.

Great-grandchild 32: Died young

Aadel and Johannes's second child Elisabeth Børke (sources) was born 12 October 1892 at Lalum in Stange and died 1 September 1901 (age 8) of complications from scarlet fever at the priest's farm in Fyresdal.

Great-grandchild 33: Died young

Aadel and Johannes's third child Johan Greve Børke (sources) was born 16 January 1895 at the priest's farm in Fyresdal and was a student living with his parents in Oslo when he died 3 December 1910 (age 15) of Werlhof's disease (now known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura), a blood disorder.

Great-grandchild 34: Priest's wife in Modum, Buskerud

Aadel and Johannes's fourth child Ingrid Børke (sources) was born 24 December 1897 at the priest's farm in Fyresdal and grew up in Oslo and Askim, where her father finally settled as priest. On 12 February 1927 (after an engagement of more than two years) in Askim she married Peter Johansen (sources) (who usually went by Per), who had been born 19 May 1897 in Oslo and, after the death of his mother in 1902, grew up on his aunt's farm Bogerud (about 5 miles southeast of downtown Oslo) and adopted the last name Bogerud. Per, the first in his family to attend university, had obtained his theological degree in late 1926 and then been appointed as parish priest for Alta clerical district in Norway's northernmost county, where the newlyweds settled right after their marriage. In 1933 Per was appointed as priest in the considerably warmer Dypvåg, about 60 miles northeast of Kristiansand in southern Norway. Here Per was promoted to dean of priests for the Aust-Nedenes region in 1948. In 1950 he became priest for Modum clerical district, about 35 miles west of Oslo. After retiring in 1964, Per moved with Ingrid to Borgheim on Nøtterøy island, about 55 miles south of Oslo. In his later years Per, himself hard of hearing, was heavily involved in advocacy on behalf of the hearing-impaired, for which he was awarded the Royal Medal of Merit in 1972. Per died 30 December 1973, and Ingrid followed 26 October 1979; they were buried together at Nøtterøy cemetery.

Children of Grandchild 26 (Dominicus Brun) and wife (Karen Juliane Røvær)

Great-grandchild 35: Piano teacher (and trade agent's wife) in Oslo

Dominicus and Julie's first child Aadel Brun (sources) was born 9 June 1897 at Krabbetveit farm in Tysvær (about 75 miles south of Bergen) and grew up there. By 1926 she was living in Oslo and began offering private piano lessons; in later years these lessons expanded to include music theory and harmony for adults and children as well. In 1935 (wedding banns published 3 July) in Oslo she married Henry Magnus Bjerring Wang (sources), who had been born 30 July 1897 to a trade agent in Oslo and had grown up there. In his younger years he had spent several years working for a travel agency in France, and by 1935 he had established an agency for trading manufactures, with contacts in England, Belgium, and France. He was also a co-founder of "Les Amis de France" in Oslo, serving as its auditor for many years, and worked to foster both trade and cultural exchanges with France. Meanwhile, even after her marriage Aadel continued to teach music (with only a 3-year break during World War II), and in 1947 she published a couple of piano pieces she had composed. Henry died 2 November 1953 in Oslo, and thereafter Aadel taught only sporadically. She died in Oslo 11 September 1981 and was buried with Henry in Oslo's Western Cemetery.

Great-grandchild 36: Farmer in Nykirke, Vestfold

Dominicus and Julie's second child Jacob Trygve Brun (sources) was born 1 October 1898 at Krabbetveit farm. After his parents moved to Øvre Li farm in Botne parish (about 40 miles southwest of Oslo), Jacob was schooled as a gardner and then ran the plant nursery at Øvre Li. In August 1935, several days after his father had sold the Øvre Li farm, Jacob purchased Ramberg farm near the village of Nykirke (about 9 miles southeast of Øvre Li). His parents continued to live with him until they died, and thereafter Jacob himself stayed as farmer at Ramberg until his own death 10 October 1967. His obituary noted that he had been a kind and calm man with many friends. He was buried with his parents at Nykirke cemetery in what is now Horten municipality.

Great-grandchild 37: Died young

Dominicus and Julie's third child Erna Brun (sources) was born 22 June 1900 at Krabbetveit farm and died there 29 March 1904, age 3. No cause of death was given in her death record.

Great-grandchild 38: Emigrant, mechanic in Oslo, died in Montreal, Canada

Dominicus and Julie's fourth child Erling Greve Brun (sources) was born 20 June 1902 at Krabbetveit farm and grew up there and possibly at Øvre Li farm. By 1924 he was living in Oslo, and by 1928 he was manager of a mechanical workshop there. In December 1928 he left Oslo and traveled via Bergen and Liverpool to St. John, New Brunswick, with the intention of settling in Canada; he listed himself as a mechanic and named a supervisor with the Canadian Pacific Railroad in Waterloo, Ontario, as contact person on his Canadian immigration form. He died 23 July 1929 in Montreal, Quebec; I have not been able to discover the cause of death.

Great-grandchild 39: Policeman's wife in Bergen

Dominicus and Julie's fifth child Karen Johanne Brun (sources) (who went by Johanne) was born 8 May 1904 at Krabbetveit farm and grew up there and at Øvre Li farm. On 2 October 1926 in Botne church she married Rikard Kristian August Grønbech (sources), who had been born 18 July 1895 to a farmer and fisherman at Høynes farm in Borge parish (on the northern tip of Vestvagøya in the Lofoten islands, some 400 miles north of Trondheim). After finishing high school and technical college, he had worked for three years in Haugesund and then moved to Bergen, where he had joined the police force (on probation in 1922 and permanently in 1923). In 1941 he was dismissed by the pro-Nazi government as politically unreliable and went to work for the Hansa brewery, but on 9 May 1945 (the day after the Germans surrendered in Norway) he was back in uniform and continued working as a policeman until reaching mandatory retirement age in 1955. He was an active member of both the police choir and the Nordland choir in Bergen, and also owned a plot in a municipal garden colony. He died suddenly 25 February 1961 in Bergen. Johanne followed 22 December 1993 and was buried in Oslo's Western Cemetery.

Great-grandchild 40: Emigrant, died in Spain

Dominicus and Julie's sixth child Bjarne Brun (sources) was born 4 August 1906 at Krabbetveit farm and grew up there and at Øvre Li farm. I have not found any information about his youth or early manhood. On 3 July 1961 Bjarne Brun Rover, formerly Norwegian, became a Spanish citizen (this is the same Bjarne Brun, with mother's maiden name added as a second surname following Spanish naming conventions). Bjarne remained in contact with his family in Norway, as he signed the death notices for his oldest sister Aadel in 1981 and his sister Johanne in 1993. On 23 November 1995 ABC (the Spanish newspaper of record) reported the death of Bjarne Brun Rover, age 89; I have not found a corresponding death notice in Norwegian newspapers. Bjarne was married to a Helena (sources), who signed Aadel's death notice in 1981 as her sister-in-law; she did not sign Johanne's death notice in 1993 and thus was presumably dead by this time.

Great-grandchild 41: Resident of Bærum, Akershus

Dominicus and Julie's seventh child Kaare Martin Røhder Brun (sources) was born 27 March 1913 at Krabbetveit farm and grew up at Øvre Li farm. In 1939 he was an installer/fitter in the city of Drammen, about 25 miles southwest of Oslo. The following year he was a technician in Oslo. On 2 November 1940 in St. Markus church in Oslo he married Aase Eleonore Larsen (sources), who had been born 12 November 1914 to a naval officer in Horten (about 45 miles south of Oslo), the site of Norway's main naval base; by 1940 she was a cook living in the suburbs just west of Oslo. By the early 1950s Kaare was a lieutenant in Norway's armed forces, based in Oslo. His marriage to Aase was over by 1952 (I have not been able to find a death record for her, and thus do not know whether the marriage ended in death or divorce). On 13 February 1954 in Brevik (about 85 miles southwest of Oslo) he married Lillian Kristensen (sources), who had been born there to a ship's mate 28 December 1920; by 1954 she was a saleswoman in Oslo. A couple of months after their marriage Kaare and Lillian bought a house in the Lysaker neighborhood of Bærum municipality, about 4 miles west of downtown Oslo. Kaare died here 13 March 1986 and was buried in Oslo's Western Cemetery next to his sister Aadel and her husband Henry Wang (who had been the witnesses to his first marriage). The following year Lillian sold their house in Bærum and apparently moved back to her hometown (now part of the city of Porsgrunn). She died 30 December 1993 and was buried at the New Eidanger cemetery in Porsgrunn.

Children of Grandchild 27 (Sigurd Brun) and wife (Aagot Lie)

Great-grandchild 42: Geography professor (and theologian's wife) in Oslo

Sigurd and Aagot's first child Aadel Marie Brun (sources) was born 29 September 1909 at Taohualun near Yiyang, which housed the medical facility for the Norwegian mission in Hunan province, China. She spent 13 of her first 15 years in China and then completed high school in Fredrikstad (about 55 miles south of Oslo) in 1927. She enrolled at the University in Oslo as a humanities student, but dropped out in 1933 to marry. On 23 June 1933 in Oslo she married Stephan Tschudi (sources), who had been born 2 January 1908 to a priest in Oslo and had received his theological degree in 1931. In the fall of 1932 he had begun teaching at a church-affiliated school in the village of Berg, nearly 200 miles north of Trondheim, and just before their marriage he had been ordained and put in charge of the Norwegian Mission Society's efforts in the region around Berg. In 1934 Stephan and Aadel returned to Oslo, where Stephan was employed as editorial secretary (editor from 1941) for the weekly newsletter of the Oslo City Mission (a church-run social welfare organization). A prolific author, Stephan promoted an expansion of the mission's horizons to include ecumenical influences. Aadel collaborated with him in translating religious writings from English. In 1957 Stephan was named priest for Røa parish (located in a relatively recently built-up section of western Oslo). In 1965 he became director of the Practical Theology Institute at the University in Oslo. By this time he was promoting a freeing of the Norwegian church from narrow theological concerns and the strictures of bourgeouis life so that it could concentrate on the spiritual and social needs of ordinary people.

Meanwhile, in the wake of World War II Aadel had become interested in feminist concerns. In late 1945 she was elected chairwoman of the Oslo chapter of the Norwegian Association of University Women, and in 1948 she became director of the Joint Committee of Norwegian Women's Organizations. In a number of newspaper articles, she argued for giving women - even married ones with children - a chance to contribute meaningfully to society. She herself followed this path, resuming her university studies and earning a master's degree in geography in 1951. By this time she had also become a regular radio commentator on international events, with a special focus on eastern Asia. In 1951/52 she spent a year at Harvard studying Chinese, and in 1957 she traveled to Asia (mainly Japan) as a correspondent for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1960 she was appointed as senior lecturer in geography at the University in Oslo (the rank is roughly equivalent to an associate professor at an American university). In 1970 she became professor of economic geography at the Stockholm School of Economics, but that same year returned to the University in Oslo as senior lecturer in the East Asian Institute. In 1972 she returned to the geography department, where she was instrumental in expanding the focus on developing countries. From 1967 she was also editor of the Norwegian Journal of Geography. She was made a member of the Norwegian Academy of Sciences in 1977.

Aadel died in Oslo 3 November 1980, and Stephan, who had retired in 1978, followed 8 December 1996. They were buried together in Oslo's Ullern cemetery.

Great-grandchild 43: Local politician (and judge's wife) in Levanger, Trøndelag

Sigurd and Aagot's second child Haldis Brun (sources) was born 26 August 1911 in Hunan province, China, and grew up there and in Fredrikstad. In December 1930 she graduated from the commercial high school in Oslo, receiving the highest grade among the 150 graduates. After working as a stenographer in Oslo, on 18 November 1933 in Oslo she married Aage Thor Falkanger (sources), who had been born 9 December 1902 in Trondheim, had received his law degree from the University in Oslo in 1925, and had worked as an assistant prosecutor near Trondheim in 1926, an assistant judge in Solør district (about 80 miles northeast of Oslo) from 1927 to 1931, and as secretary for the National Insurance Administration since 1931. In 1934 Aage became assistant prosecutor in Bergen and in 1936 for Flekkefjord (halfway between Kristiansand and Stavanger in the south of Norway) before returning to Bergen in 1940. During the German occupation he was removed from office in 1941 and became a state prosecutor for the Norwegian naval court and at the same time bureau chief in the Justice Department for the Norwegian government-in-exile in London. Upon his return to Norway in May 1945 he became state prosecutor in cases involving Nazi collaborators in Aust-Agder county, and in 1946 he was named an associate judge of the Hålogaland Court of Appeals in Tromsø, in the far north of Norway. The following year he was appointed as judge of the Fosen district court (about 30 miles northwest of his native Trondheim). In December 1951 he was named as judge of the Stjør and Verdal district court in Levanger (about 40 miles northeast of Trondheim), a position he retained until reaching mandatory retirement age in 1972. While living in Levanger, Haldis, who until then had concentrated on raising her family, became politically active, serving on the Levanger municipal council for two terms (1959-1967) as a representative of the Conservative Party and then occupying various leadership positions in the Levanger Conservative Party women's branch through 1974. Aage died in Levanger 4 January 1981, and Haldis followed 9 June 1988; they were buried together in Alstadhaug cemetery in Levanger.

Great-grandchild 44: Church activist (and theologian's wife) in Oslo

Sigurd and Aagot's third child Ingrid Brun (sources) was born 18 November 1912 in Hunan province, China, and grew up there and in Fredrikstad. In 1933 she was a medical student in Oslo; the following year she was a laboratory technician there. On 13 October 1934 in Oslo she married Carl Johan Fredrik Wisløff (sources), who had been born 31 December 1908 to an engineer in Drammen (about 25 miles southwest of Oslo) and grew up in Sarpsborg, which adjoins Fredrikstad. In 1931 he had obtained his theological degree from the Free Faculty of Theology, a private school that had split off from the University in Oslo in protest over the appointment of a liberal-leaning professor. He then worked as assistant priest and, from 1936, as priest in Vaterland parish, located in one of Oslo's slum areas; at the same time he was also secretary of the Norwegian Christian Student and School Association (called Laget for short in Norwegian), an evangelical youth organization. From 1940 to 1947 he served as priest for Birkenes clerical district (about 150 miles southwest of Oslo). In 1947 he returned to Oslo as director of the Practical Theology Institute at the Free Faculty of Theology. After completing a doctoral dissertation on Martin Luther's theology of the Eucharist in 1957, he was appointed as the Free Faculty's professor of church history. At the same time he served as chairman of Laget from 1948 to 1960 and as president of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students from 1967 to 1979. One of Norway's leading conservative theologians of the 20th century, he was steadfastly opposed to the ecumenical movement and called for a return to Lutheranism's pietist roots. By the time he retired as professor in 1975, doctrinal differences had led to a split with the remainder of the Free Faculty. In retirement he continued to write and preach, and also published a new (unauthorized) translation of the bible into Norwegian.

Ingrid saw her main role as being in the home, but by the late 1950s (after her children had grown up) she found time to support her husband in his work as well. In 1958 she edited a volume of essays on God's support in sickness. In 1960 and again in 1963 she gave devotional addresses over the radio in support of Women's World Day of Prayer. By 1963 she was also on the board of directors of a Norwegian mission organization focusing on India (the Santal Mission) and visited India on its behalf in 1967.

Ingrid died in Oslo 16 June 1988, and Carl followed 6 July 2004. They were buried together in Oslo's Western Cemetery.

Great-grandchild 45: Electrical engineer's wife in Trondheim

Sigurd and Aagot's fourth child Bodhild Brun (sources) was born 4 November 1914 in Hunan province, China, and grew up there and in Fredrikstad. In 1933 she graduated from the commercial high school in Oslo. By 1940 she was an office worker in Oslo. On 21 September 1940 at Vaterland church in Oslo (with her brother-in-law Carl Wisløff officiating) she married Ole Bernhard Forfod (sources) (who went by Bernhard, and who had legally changed his last name to Nålsund earlier in 1940). Bernhard had been born 11 January 1908 to a streetcar driver in Trondheim and in 1934 had graduated as an electrical engineer from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim. After a year working for a construction company and another for Trondheim's power company (while also serving on the Trondheim municipal council 1935-37) he had gone to work for Standard Telephone and Cable, a leading manufacturer of electrical equipment in Oslo. In 1948 Bernhard and Bodhild moved back to Trondheim, where Bernhard set himself up as a consulting engineer on electrotechnical matters. He appeared repeatedly as an expert witness in court and also gave lectures on electrical installation to architecture students at the Norwegian Institute of Technology. In his free time he enjoyed researching genealogy and local history. Bodhild possibly is the Bodhild Nålsund, library secretary at the Museum of Decorative Arts in Trondheim, who was quoted in a 1983 newspaper article. Bernhard died 13 November 1989, and Bodhild followed 12 July 1993; they were buried together at the Lade cemetery in Trondheim.

Great-grandchild 46: Medical administrator and spokesman in Oslo

Sigurd and Aagot's fifth child Johan Greve Brun (sources) was born 9 May 1916 at the priest's farm in Askim (about 35 miles southeast of Oslo), where they were staying with Sigurd's sister Aadel and brother-in-law, the priest Johannes Børke, while on a two-year home leave from China. Johan grew up in Hunan province, China, as well as Fredrikstad and Oslo. After entering the University in Oslo in 1934, he interrupted his studies to serve his mandatory military service in the navy. Back as a medical student in Oslo, on 13 November 1943 he married Judith Jebsen (sources), who had been born 17 August 1916 to a factory owner in Bergen and by 1943 was a kindergarten director in Oslo. The following January Johan joined the Norwegian resistance fighters being given military training in Sweden under the guise of being police officers, and with them he participated in the liberation of Norway's northernmost Finnmark county from the Germans in early 1945. Over the next several years he served as health officer on various Norwegian navy ships while completing his medical degree in 1947. In 1948 he was appointed as the chief medical officer of the Norwegian navy, at the rank of commander (promoted to captain in 1953), a position in which he served until 1964. Thereafter he worked until 1984 as deputy general secretary of the Norwegian Doctor's Association in Oslo. Judith died 28 January 1970 in Oslo; Johan followed 26 June 1999 and was buried in Oslo's Western Cemetery.

Great-grandchild 47: Translator and high school teacher (and archivist's wife) in Oslo

Sigurd and Aagot's sixth child Randi Brun (sources) was born 21 February 1918 in Yiyang, Hunan province, China, and grew up there and in Fredrikstad and Oslo. After graduating high school in 1935 she entered the University in Oslo, from which she obtained the equivalent of a Masters of Arts degree (with majors in English, History, and German) in July 1941. On 27 September 1941 in Oslo she married fellow student Dagfinn Mannsåker (sources), who had been born 30 June 1916 to the priest in Ullensvang (about 80 miles east of Bergen) and obtained his first master's degree later in 1941. He finished his second master's degree in 1945 and thereafter was teaching and research assistant at the University in Oslo until finishing his doctoral degree in 1955 with a dissertation on the social history of the Norwegian priesthood in the 19th century. From 1954 to 1959 he was a high school teacher in Oslo, then a senior lecturer in history at the university, and from 1965 to 1982 he was the director of the National Archives. Meanwhile, Randi also finished a second master's degree (with training in education) in 1948. In the late 1940s and early 1950s she was quite active as a translator of both fiction and non-fiction from Danish, Swedish, and English, with a particular focus on the works of C. S. Lewis (some of her translations were reissued in the 1970s). In 1956 she was appointed as a teacher at the Hegdehaugen high school in Oslo and was a teacher through at least 1964. Dagfinn died 16 July 1994 and was buried in Oslo's Western Cemetery; Randi followed 30 September 2012.

Great-grandchild 48: Teacher (and doctor's wife) in Gjøvik, Oppland, then Fredrikstad

Sigurd and Aagot's seventh child Solveig Brun (sources) was born 19 July 1921 in Hunan province, China, and grew up in Fredrikstad and Oslo. In 1941 she was a humanities student at the University in Oslo, but she apparently did not graduate. By 1950 she was a teacher in Oslo. On 24 July 1950 in Oslo she married Kjell Herman Wold-Hansen (sources), who had been born 25 June 1917 to a factory manager in Fredrikstad and, after graduating from commercial high school in Fredrikstad in 1939, had obtained a business degree from the Norwegian School of Business in Bergen and worked for a Bergen firm until war's end. He had been founding manager of the Christian newspaper Vårt Land from 1945 to 1947 before beginning medical studies at the University in Oslo. Kjell obtained his medical license in 1954, and thereafter Kjell and Solveig continued to live in Oslo for a while before moving around 1962 to Gjøvik (about 70 miles north of Oslo), where Kjell worked as a doctor and Solveig as a 6th-grade teacher. In 1963 they moved to Fredrikstad, where Kjell served 13 years as chief doctor of the county psychiatric hospital and continued seeing patients even after formally retiring in 1994. I have found no indication that Solveig continued teaching in Fredrikstad. Kjell died in Fredrikstad 4 November 2010, and Solveig followed 16 October 2016.

Children of Grandchild 32 (Finn Wesenberg) and wife (Astrid Kalland)

Great-grandchild 49: Metallurgical engineer in Årdalstangen, Sogn og Fjordane

Finn and Astrid's first child Harald Wesenberg (sources) was born 4 January 1916 in Bergen. By 1944 he had an engineering degree and was living in Oslo. In early 1946 he married Olga Rigmor Lie Kaaten (sources) (she went by Rigmor), who had been born 28 July 1918 to a timber dealer in Kongsvinger (about 55 miles northeast of Oslo), by 1940 had moved with two of her sisters to Oslo, and by 1946 was working there as a secretary. In 1947 Harald went to work for A/S Årdal Verk, a company that in 1948 opened Norway's first large hydroelectric-powered aluminum smelter in Årdalstangen, at the head of a side arm of the Sognfjord about 160 miles northwest of Oslo; around 1950 Harald and Rigmor moved from Oslo to Årdalstangen. Harald worked on ways to improve the smelting and casting of aluminum and other metals, and by 1967 was director of research for the company. He was last mentioned in connection with the company in a newspaper article from 1978. In retirement he and Rigmor moved to the suburb of Stabekk, about 5 miles west of Oslo. Harald died here 19 May 1987, and Rigmor followed 17 January 1991; they were buried together at Haslum cemetery in suburban Bærum municipality.

Great-grandchild 50: Business manager for sand storage company in Bergen

Finn and Astrid's second child Olav Kalland Wesenberg (sources) was born 9 December 1916 in Bergen. As a quite young man in 1939 he was chosen to be the manager for a newly-established company, A/S Bergen Sandsilo, which would provide port-side facilities in Bergen where sand and gravel brought in by boat from pits in the surrounding countryside could be stored until needed by road or building contractors. Over the next forty years he built this company into a flourishing business and also worked to rationalize the mining and transport of sand and gravel from the surrounding area. On 5 July 1947 in Bergen he married Randi Margrethe Vestrheim (sources), who had been born 2 February 1924 to an engineer in Bergen and by 1947 was an office worker there. Olav died in Bergen 24 April 1996, and Randi followed 20 July 2001; they were buried together in the same plot as Olav's parents at Møllendal cemetery in Bergen.

Children of Grandchild 35 (Torvald Lind) and wife (Hjørdis Koller)

Great-grandchild 51: fire protection engineer in Ålesund, Møre og Romsdal

Torvald and Hjørdis's first child Vilhelm Teting Børs Lind (sources) was born 22 October 1917 in Lillehammer (about 100 miles north of Oslo) and grew up there. In 1935 he was instrumental in bringing the sport of bandy (similar to ice hockey, but played by 11-member teams on a soccer-sized rink with field-hockey sticks and balls) to Lillehammer and was the president of the Lillehammer Bandy Club for several years. The following year he was a member of the Norwegian delegation to the Junior Olympics in Berlin, playing as goalkeeper on the soccer team and also competing in the 1,500-meter race. He graduated from high school in 1937 and thereafter attended the Technical Institute in Munich, Germany, where he witnessed the destruction of Jewish property during Kristallnacht in late 1938. Returning to Norway he completed training in the Air Defense Artillery Officers' School. By 1940 he was a student of fire protection engineering at the Danish Institute of Technology in Copenhagen. After the Germans invaded Denmark as well as Norway in early 1940, he joined the resistance group BOPA along with fellow Norwegian students and returnees from the Spanish Civil War (who had fought on the Communist side). At first resistance was not popular in Denmark, where a puppet Danish government shielded the population from the full impact of Nazi rule. Thus, Vilhelm's first contribution was on the propaganda side, putting out an underground book featuring anti-Nazi poetry by, among others, Norwegian poet Nordahl Grieg. Thereafter, he engaged in intelligence gathering and sabotage as part of a cell in the Holger Danske Organization.

Once the Germans removed the puppet government in August 1943 and imposed direct rule, resistance became far more popular. In early October of that year, Vilhelm, along with other members of his cell, was deeply involved in arranging the escape of about 700 Danish Jews who managed to cross into Sweden from the Danish seaside resort of Gilleleje (about 25 miles north of Copenhagen). About 120 of the Jews who had gathered in a church loft in Gilleleje were captured by the Gestapo; Vilhelm managed to escape by hiding behind a gravestone in the churchyard. In early 1944, while working at an engineering office in Copenhagen, Vilhelm was arrested by the Gestapo on suspicion of sabotage and sent to the Neuengamme concentration camp in northern Germany. Fortunately the Gestapo did not find the jacket in his office with spy pictures of a Nazi airfield that was to be smuggled to England; also, members of his cell managed to remove incriminating material from his home just before the Gestapo arrived to search it. At Neuengamme Vilhelm discovered that his jailer was an agent of the Resistance; overnight the jailer slipped a note under his cell door letting him know that the Gestapo had very little on him, so Vilhelm knew not to give anything away during his interrogation. In March 1945 he was sent back to Copenhagen to be tried (and presumably executed) for sabotage; however, the German prosecutors made the mistake of charging him with an act of sabotage that had taken place two weeks after he had been arrested, and thus he managed to go free. On 4 May 1945 Vilhelm emerged from the underground as a sergeant for the Norwegian contingent in the Royal Danish Bodyguard and participated in the liberation of the royal palace in Copenhagen. By 17 May he was back in Norway.

In mid-1948 Vilhelm spent six months in eastern Greenland, and he went back for another 18 months from spring 1949 to fall 1950; on both occasions he was involved in building radio and weather observation stations for the Danish government that were critical for predicting weather for trans-Atlantic flights. On his return to Norway he gave a number of well-received talks on the nature, culture, and economic potential of Greenland. By 1951 he had moved to Hønefoss (about 30 miles northwest of Oslo), where he worked for the body that regulated waterflow for the various hydroelectric power plants in the area. On 19 April 1952 in Hønefoss he married Anne Margrethe Hallingby (sources) (she went by Grethe), who had been born 17 May 1929 to a dentist in Hallingby and had entered nursing school in Oslo in 1948; by early 1952 she was back in Hønefoss working for the medical division of a volunteer civil defense organisation. In the mid-1950s Vilhelm and Grethe moved to Ålesund, on the western coast halfway between Bergen and Trondheim, where Vilhelm became fire control engineer and fire inspector for the Norwegian Fire Insurance Company. While in Ålesund, Vilhelm also served as president of the Ålesund tennis club, was a force in local Liberal Party affairs (the Norwegian Liberal Party, like its British counterpart, had become a minor party in the interwar years after being outflanked on the left by the Labour Party), and led the local No campaign in the 1972 referendum on joining the European Economic Community. In the 1990s and 2000s he became a popular speaker on his experiences during World War II. Meanwhile, Grethe (who apparently continued to work as a nurse in Ålesund) was also a leader in the local Liberal Party and served on a national Gender Equality Council. Vilhelm died in Ålesund 26 November 2007 and was buried with his parents, aunts, and paternal grandparents at St. Jakob Cemetery in Bergen. Grethe followed 25 January 2016.

Great-grandchild 52: Forest manager's wife in Veldre, Hedmark

Torvald and Hjørdis's second child, Anne Margrethe Børs Lind (sources), was born 19 April 1920 in Lillehammer and by 1947 was a teacher there. On 12 September 1947 in Lillehammer she married Knud Geelmuyden Fleischer Maartman (sources), who had been born 26 July 1921 in Oslo to the office manager of a company that produced cellulose from wood pulp. By 1949 Knud had completed a master's degree in forestry, and by the late 1950s he was the manager for the publicly-owned forest land in Veldre parish (about 25 miles southeast of Lillehammer). In 1965 he became forest manager for Pihlske Sameie, by far the largest private landowner in Ringsaker municipality (which includes Veldre parish), and served in this position until retiring in 1989. From 1966 to 1989 he also served as chairman of the Ringsaker Hunting and Fishing District, and upon his retirement he was presented an award for greatly increasing recreational uses of timberland in the area. Anne died 27 January 2004 and was buried at Veldre cemetery in Ringsaker municipality; Knud followed 13 September 2012.

Ancestors of Johan Fritzner Greve

Note: in the following, the standard genealogical convention for numbering ancestors is used. For each person (beginning with Johan Fritzner Greve, who is assigned number 1), the number of that person's father is twice as high, and the number of that person's mother is twice as high plus 1. For example, the father of person 65 has number 130, and the mother has number 131.

Parents' Generation

(2), (3): Estate owner/art collector in Åsane and wife, parents of (1) Johan Fritzner Greve

Johan Fritzner Greve's father (2) Jan Arentsen Greve (sources) was born 19 July 1775 in Bergen as the only child of goldsmith (4) Arent Jansen Greve and his wife (5) Cecilia Bredal. Unlike his father Jan did not enter an apprenticeship, but instead enrolled first at the Bergen Latin School and then, in 1790, at the University of Copenhagen, where he studied theology as well as art and supplemented his education by traveling in neighboring countries. After returning from his studies, Jan on 28 June 1797 in Fana (now the southernmost borough of Bergen) married (3) Magdalena Margaretha Koren Fritzner (sources), who had been born in Sokndal (in Rogaland county) on 14 November 1771 as the first of fifteen children of parish priest (6) Johan Fritzner and his wife (7) Aadel Christie and had moved to Fana in 1788 when her father became priest there. By 1801 Jan was "proprietor" of the country estate of Åstveit, 5 miles by sea northeast of Bergen in Åsane parish (now the northernmost borough of Bergen), which his father had bought on 3 May 1797 upon retiring from his goldsmithing business. Here Jan concentrated on expanding the collection begun by his father in the 1770s of old coins, medals, and other antiquities, shells, insects, plants, fossils, and other natural history specimens, paintings and other artworks, and books. Throughout the early 1800s the Greve collection at Åstveit was a magnet for both local and foreign artists and scientists. But the precipitous devaluation of the Norwegian currency in 1814 in the wake of the country's disastrous involvement in the Napoleonic Wars severely diminished Jan's wealth; by the 1820s he was no longer able to finance the university education of his two youngest sons and had to rely on scholarships provided by his scientific contacts. After Jan's death on 17 November 1840 his widow quickly sold Åstveit in order to relieve her economic distress and moved to Bergen. Portions of the Greve collection ended up in the newly-founded Bergen Museum, but much of it was dispersed to the winds. Magdalena died 10 May 1847 and was buried with Jan in the family cemetery at Åstveit.

Jan and Magdalena had eight children; all four of their sons followed Magdalena's father into a clerical career:

(a) Arent Wittendorph Greve (1798-1880), resident chaplain at Bergen Cathedral

(b) (1) Johan Fritzner Greve (1799-1883), priest in Sund, Hordaland

(d) Aadel Fritzner Greve (1803-1812), died in childhood

(e) Magdalene Margrethe Greve (1804-1880), priest's wife in Hjelmeland, Rogaland

(f) Jan Greve (1805-1883), priest in Tysvær, Rogaland.

(g) George Døderlein Greve (1808-1879), priest in Os, Hordaland.

(h) Maren Greve (1810-1896), customs collector's wife in Kristiansund, Møre og Romsdal.

Grandparents' Generation

(4), (5): Goldsmith/jeweler in Bergen and wife - parents of (2) Jan Arentsen Greve

Jan Arentsen's father (4) Arent Jansen Greve (sources) was born 18 October 1733 in Bergen as the first of three children (all sons) of goldsmith (8) Jan Arentsen Greve and his wife (9) Maren Jørgensdatter Egelsdorf. Arent apprenticed with his father from 1748 to 1752. In 1753 he went to Copenhagen to learn from court jeweller Fabritius; over the next decade he further honed his craft in Germany, France, and Italy. Back home he completed his masterpiece under his father's supervision in 1766, but did not set up his own shop until after his father's death in 1773. In January 1774 Arent became a burgher of Bergen, and on 11 October 1774 in Bergen he married (5) Cecilia Bredal (sources) (baptismal name Aasille), who had been born 28 May 1749 in Kristiansand (the largest city in southern Norway, in Vest-Agder county) as fourth of the nine children of tobacco worker (10) Niels Iversen Bredal and his wife (11) Inger Thomasdatter Rønnov. Over the next two decades Arent produced a number of exquisite gilded cups, flasks, and other decorative objects; his work is now judged to be among the best produced by Bergen goldsmiths of his time due to his creativity and European training. Arent also produced a number of paintings of landscapes and natural objects; his depictions of flowers in particular were judged at the time to be among the best in the Dano-Norwegian realm. In addition, Arent began to collect both natural specimens and antiquities, and as early as 1778 his collection drew attention from German scholars. Cecilia died in spring 1784 (buried 5 May 1784 in Bergen), aged only 35; Arent did not remarry. After his mother died in early 1796, Arent closed up his goldsmithing business and from the proceeds bought Åstveit, a country estate located about 5 miles northeast of Bergen. Arent died here 20 December 1808 and was buried in a family cemetery on the estate.

Arent and Cecilia had one child:

(a) (2) Jan Arentsen Greve (1775-1840), estate owner/art collector in Åstveit

(6), (7): Priest in Sokndal & Fana and wife - parents of (3) Magdalena M. K. Fritzner

Magdalena Margaretha Koren Fritzner's father (6) Johan Fritzner (sources) was born 1734 (baptised 15 October) at Eik farm in Holter parish (about 20 miles northeast of Oslo) as eighth of the eleven children of army officer (12) Magnus Christian Fritzner and his wife (13) Margrete Hansdatter Heide. After first preparing himself at the Latin School in Oslo (where his great uncle Niels Dorph was bishop), he enrolled in 1756 at the University of Copenhagen. He received a bachelor's degree in 1767 (in the meantime having served as a private tutor for six years in Løten parish in Hedmark county), and that same year was appointed as parish priest for Sokndal clerical district, on the southern coast of Rogaland county. On 11 July 1770 (age 35) in Stord (about 40 miles south of Bergen) he married (7) Aadel Christie (sources) (age 17), who had been born 20 September 1752 in neighboring Tysnes parish as seventh of the eight children of parish priest (14) Edvard Christie and his second wife (15) Magdalene Margrethe Koren and had grown up at her mother's birthplace of Stord after her father's death in 1757. Johan became dean (i.e., senior priest with administrative responsibility for other priests) for the Dalerne region in 1785, but in 1788 transferred to Fana clerical district (now the southernmost part of Bergen), perhaps so his wife could be closer to her family. He died in Fana 8 July 1803, while Aadel died in Bergen 2 December 1838; they are buried together at Fana cemetery.

Johan and Aadel had a total of fifteen children:

(a) (3) Magdalene Margrethe Koren Fritzner (1771-1847) - proprietor's wife in Bergen

(b) Margrethe Heide Fritzner (1772-1816) - ship captain's wife in Bergen

(d) Edvard Christie Fritzner (1775-1857) - high school teacher in Bergen

(e) Werner Andreas Fritzner (1777-1863) - senior customs officer in Bergen

(f) Otto Thott Fritzner (1778-1779) - died in infancy

(g) Otto Thott Fritzner (1779-1860) - high school principal in Throndhjem

(h) Edvardine Magdalene Margrethe Fritzner (1781-1864) - priest's wife in Fana

(i) Anne Margrethe Fritzner (1782-1862) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(j) Else Ulrikke Fritzner (1784-1851) - army administrator's wife in Bergen

(k) Eiler Hagerup Fritzner (1785-1785) - died in infancy

(l) Eiler Hagerup Fritzner (1787-1871) - infantry officer in Bergen

(m) Nils Dorph Fritzner (1788-??) - ship's mate, last heard of in France 1810/11

(n) Helene Margrethe Fritzner (1790-1850) - senior customs officer's wife in Bergen

(o) Hans Ulrik Christian Fritzner (1791-1871) - junior customs officer in Bergen

Great-grandparents' Generation

(8), (9): Goldsmith in Bergen and wife - parents of (4) Arent Jansen Greve

Arent Jansen Greve's father (8) Jan Arentsen Greve (sources) was born in early 1705 (baptised 22 February 1705) as the third child of (16) Arent Jansen Greve and his wife (17) Maria Hermansdatter. From 1720 to 1725 he was apprenticed to master goldsmith Magnus Bessel, and thereafter spent a few years in Copenhagen before returning to Bergen to produce his masterpiece in March 1732 under the supervision of goldsmith (18) Jørgen Jørgensen Egelsdorf - an elaborate silver goblet that is now held by the Bergen museum. On 11 December 1732 in Bergen Cathedral he married Jørgen's daughter (9) Maren Jørgensdatter Egelsdorf (sources), who had been born about 1710 (age 85 years and 2 months at burial) as the first daughter (and probably third child) of Jørgen and his wife (19) Maren Woensdatter Glerup. In September 1733 Jan was made a burgher of Bergen, and from 1742 to 1744 he served as a foreman ("oldermand") for the goldsmiths' guild. Jan died in Bergen in 1773 (buried 26 July), and Maren followed in early 1796 (buried 11 January).

Jan and Maren had three children, all of whom became goldsmiths:

(a) (4) Arent Jansen Greve (1733-1808) - goldsmith/jeweler in Bergen

(b) Jørgen Jansen Greve (1735-1804) - goldsmith in Bergen

(10), (11): Tobacco worker in Kristiansand/Bergen and wife - parents of (5) Cecilia Bredal

Cecilia Bredal's father (10) Niels Iversen Bredal (sources) first appears in the record in the summer of 1737, when he was named as the son of tavern keeper/retail merchant (20) Iver Madsen Bredal and his wife (21) Aase Jacobsdatter in the (joint) probate of their estates. Olav Ingstad, in his genealogical history of the Greve family, asserts that he was born 5 August 1716, but I have not found any documentation for this (the church books for the southern Norwegian port city of Kristiansand, where he was almost certainly born, only begin in 1734). Ingstad also calls him Niels Thomas Rosenkrantz Bredal; there are, however, no contemporary documents using this name, and it instead represents a conflation of Niels and his wife's nephew. On 17 September 1737 in Kristiansand Cathedral Niels married (11) Inger Thomasdatter Rønnov (sources), who had been born 1719 (baptised 25 May) to school master (22) Thomas Pedersen Rønnov and his wife (23) Anna Maria Sørensdatter Hiørring while they were temporarily living in Arendal (a port city about 40 miles northeast of Kristiansand) and grew up in Kristiansand. Niels and Inger's first child was baptised five months after their marriage. In October 1737 Niels was first recorded as a tobacco spinner - that is, someone who twists and compresses tobacco leaves into a plug that can be used for chewing. In August 1747 tobacco spinner Niels Bredal was made a burgher of Kristiansand, indicating that he now had his own workshop. In 1760 or early 1761 Niels moved with his family to Bergen, where he was made a burgher in January 1762 (still described as a tobacco spinner). Niels died in 1764 (buried 20 October); Inger followed in 1789 (buried 11 August).

Niels and Inger had ten children:

(a) Iver Nielsen Bredal (1738-1783) - merchant and tobacco manufacturer in Bergen

(b) Thomas Rønnov Bredal (1740-1784) - retailer and tobacco manufacturer in Bergen

(d) Aasile Bredal (1745-1748) - died in infancy

(e) (5) Cecilia Bredal (1749-1784) - goldsmith's wife in Bergen

(f) Anna Maria Bredal (1753-1775) - married a priest's son in Bergen

(g) Johannes Bartholomeus Bredal (1755-??)

(h) Jacob Bredal (1758-1814) - merchant and tobacco manufacturer in Bergen

(i) Helene Bredal (1759-1793) - did not marry

(j) Jens Grønbech Bredal (1761-1814) - merchant and tobacco manufacturer in Bergen

(12), (13): Army officer in Nannestad/Holter and wife - parents of (6) Johan Fritzner

According to both a 1731 military record and his burial record, Johan Fritzner's father (12) Magnus Christian Fritzner (sources) was born in the late 1680s (said to be age 44 in 1731, age 52 in 1742) in Pressburg, Upper Hungary (today Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia). Beginning in 1707 Magnus served with the Danish troops that had been contracted out to the Dutch to fight against the French in what is now Belgium during the War of Spanish Succession. On 1 June 1711 he became a second lieutenant in the Norwegian dragoon regiment that, since October 1710, had been under the command of Major Ulrik Christian Kruse (dragoons were "mounted infantry," that is, soldiers who traveled by horse but fought on foot). In early March 1716 Kruse's regiment was posted along the border with Sweden near Høland when it was overrun by an invading Swedish force; Magnus distinguished himself in a (futile) charge across a bridge against the invaders led by Kruse and was promoted later that month to lieutenant. By 1719 he had been promoted to captain, in charge of his own company within the regiment, and remained at this rank until the end of his life although, with the end of the Great Northern War in 1718, he does not appear to have been involved in any further fighting.

Beginning in late 1719 Magnus repeatedly served as a godparent in Nannestad parish (about 25 miles northeast of Oslo) together with (13) Margrete Hansdatter Heide (sources) and members of the Dorph family. On 6 April 1723 in Nannestad he finally married Margrete, who had been born 1700 (baptised 20 July) in Nannestad as first of the four children of bailiff ("fogd" or "fut", i.e., district administrator for the royal government) (26) Hans Andersen Heide and his second wife (27) Maren Olsdatter Dorph. It appears that Magnus and Margrete at first lived in Nannestad parish, where Margrete was co-heir to a number of properties from her father, but by 1727 they were living about three miles further south in Holter parish as tenants on farms that had belonged to her grandmother. It appears that Magnus managed to run down his wife's fairly substantial inheritance, for Magnus's son Hans was later called "son of an impoverished officer." Magnus died suddenly of a fever on 28 October 1742 at Eik. Margarete remained in Holter until at least the following spring, when two of her children where confirmed there, but I have not found her in the Holter parish records thereafter. A Mrs. Fritzner, age 78, who was buried in Oslo 3 April 1778 may very well be her (especially given that a Miss Fritzner, age 70, buried in the same Oslo parish 9 October 1794 is of the exact right age to be Magnus and Margrete's oldest daughter Else Marie).

Magnus's origin is very murky. That he was of relatively high birth (or at least had a highly placed patron) is indicated by the fact that, at around age 21, he was already an officer. In a detailed genealogy of the Christie family published in 1909, W. H. Christie asserted that Magnus was in fact a grandnephew of Major Ulrik Kruse (who was a Danish nobleman). This claim, which has since been picked up by other genealogists and historians, is unreasonable on its face, as Ulrik's oldest known sister was only 25 years older than Magnus; if related at all, Magnus would have been Ulrik's nephew rather than grandnephew. The claim of a relationship is not based on any military records; neither Bernt Moe, who in 1839 published extensive extracts from the military inquiry into the 1716 skirmish at Høland and added substantial biographical notes on the participants (including Kruse and Fritzner), nor Olai Ovenstad, who in the early 20th century compiled a detailed biographical dictionary of Norwegian officers, so much as hint at a relationship between the two. Instead, W. H. Christie's assertion appears to be based on family tradition. Naming practices show that Aadel Christie (first cousin of two of W. H. Christie's grandparents) and her husband Johan Fritzner, Magnus's son, did believe themselves related to Ulrik Kruse: in addition to naming children after two powerful bishops to whom they were related, they also named two of their sons (one of whom died in infancy) Otto Thott Fritzner, after the Danish nobleman who married Ulrik Kruse's only daughter and heir. As far as I can tell, no other Norwegian named their child Otto Thott in the late 18th century. Thus, it is very likely that stories of a relationship between Magnus Fritzner and Ulrik Kruse traveled from Aadel to W. H. Christie, with the exact nature of the relationship becoming mangled in the transmission.

Another hint of a relationship comes from Danmarks Adels Aarbog, the genealogical yearbook of Danish nobility. In 1900 it stated that Ulrik's younger sister Else had been married to someone named Fritzner before her documented 1695 wedding to Emmerich Leo Halbei. The only source mentioned in Else's entry is the 1729 probate of her unmarried sister Dorothea. As the entry states that Else had died before the probate, the probate record probably named a child of Else with the last name Fritzner, as well as children of Halbei, as heirs of Dorothea. Unfortunately, I have not been able to locate a copy of this probate. Supporting evidence for the hypothesis that Magnus Fritzner was a son of Else Kruse comes from the fact that Magnus named his first daughter Else Marie (Else after his presumed mother and Marie after his wife's mother) and his first son Ulrik Christian (after his presumed uncle); furthermore, Magnus himself has the same name as Mogens (Danish for Magnus), Else's father. To explain how Else's child came to be born in Bratislava, one would have to suppose that Else accompanied her brother Ulrik on his way to Hungary, where he was part of a contingent of Danish troops that in 1692 had been contracted out to the Holy Roman Emperor to fight the Turks; Bratislava, at that time the capital of Habsburg-ruled Hungary, lies on a route these troops might have taken from Denmark. This would mean that Magnus was born in 1692 rather than the late 1680s, not unreasonable given the known errors in ages recorded in the early 18th century. But it appears that, until the 1729 probate of Dorothea Mogensdatter Kruse can be found, all of this will have to remain speculation.

Magnus and Margrete had 11 children who are known to us from baptismal records:

(a) Else Marie Fritzner (1724-1794) - died unmarried in Oslo

(b) Uldrich Christian Fritzner (1725-??) - last recorded in 1739

(d) Christina Dorothea Fritzner (1727-??) - last recorded in 1743

(e) Hans Fritzner (1729-1793) - army officer in Eidsberg

(f) Anne Margaretha Fritzner (1732-??)

(g) Johan Herman Fritzner (1733-??)

(h) (6) Johan Fritzner (1734-1803) - priest in Sokndal and Fana

(i) Niels Fritzner (1737-??)

(j) Karen Marthea Fritzner (1739-??)

(k) Otto Andreas Fritzner (1741-1790) - army officer

(14), (15): Priest in Tysnæs and wife - parents of (7) Aadel Christie

Aadel Christie's father (14) Edvard Christie (sources) was born 1701 (baptised 30 October) in Bergen as third of the seven children of merchant (28) David Andersen Christie and his wife (29) Engel Jansdatter Hosewinckel. In July 1721 he enrolled at the University of Copenhagen. In July 1728 he was appointed as chaplain to priest Peder Hegelund in Vang clerical district, in the interior highlands of Norway about 150 miles west-northwest of Bergen. In about 1729 (age about 28) he married Peder's daughter Else Ulrica Hegelund (age about 16), with whom he would go on to have eight children. But he did not succeed to the priest's position in Vang; instead, in 1734 he became chaplain in Haus clerical district, just to the east of Bergen, and in June 1739 was appointed priest of Tysnes clerical district, about 25 miles south of Bergen. Else Ulrica died sometime between 7 December 1741 (when she lent out some money) and 25 August 1742 (when probate on her estate was opened). On 2 October 1742, Edvard (now age 41) then remarried to (15) Magdalene Margrete Koren (sources) (age 20), who had been born 28 August 1722 in Etne as fourth of the fifteen children of Etne's parish priest (30) Johan Koren and his wife (31) Drude Marie Smed and had grown up in Stord (about 20 miles south of Tysnes) after her father became priest there. Edvard continued as priest at Tysnes, becoming dean of priests for southern Hordaland county in 1752. He was known as both a scholar (composing a commentary on all four gospels that remained unpublished) and a tinkerer (building both a windmill and a boat with a special contraption that allowed a single man to control three sets of oars). He died in Bergen 1757 (buried August 29) and left behind an extremely large estate, swollen by inheritances from both his father and his childless brother, another very successful merchant. In 1760 his widow Magdalene bought a farm adjoining the church in Stord (the property now covers the northern half of the town of Leirvik), close to where she had grown up, and devoted herself first to raising her children and later to taking care of her orphaned grandchildren. She died there 24 July 1806, leaving an estate of essentially the same size as the widow's half she had received nearly fifty years earlier.

Edvard and Magdalene had eight children:

(a) Else Ulrica Christie (1743-1816) - priest's wife in Sund, Hordaland

(b) Drude Marie Christie (1744-1777) - priest's wife in Skjold, Rogaland

(c) Johan Koren Christie (1745-1823) - postmaster/merchant in Kristiansund, Møre og Romsdal, father of William Friman Koren Christie, Norwegian independence leader in 1814

(d) Werner Hosewinckel Christie (1746-1822) - judge and estate owner in Bergen

(e) Anna Christie (1748-1794) - priest's wife in Bergen

(f) Andreas Christie (1750-1786) - chaplain in Sund, Hordaland

(g) (7) Aadel Christie (1752-1838) - priest's wife in Sokndal, Rogaland, and then Fana

(h) Edvardine Magdalene Margrethe Christie (1755-1830) - bishop's wife in Bergen and then Kristiansand, great-grandmother of composer Edvard Grieg

Great-great-grandparents' Generation

(16), (17): Residents of Bergen - parents of (8) Jan Arentsen Greve

Jan Arentsen Greve's father (16) Arent Jansen Greve (sources) first appears in the record on 6 January 1700, when he married (17) Maria Hermansdatter (sources) in Bergen. A 1733 probate record confirms that he was the son of (32) Jan (Rolfsen) Greve, brother of rear admiral Henrik (Rolfsen) Greve; this is supported by the fact that numerous other known members of this family appear as godparents for Arent's children. The origin of Maria, meanwhile, is unknown; while there are a number of Hermans living in Bergen around this time, none can be associated with a daughter Maria, and there is also no apparent member of her family among the godparents of her children. Arent is named six more times in the record, four times as a father, once as a godfather, and once as a godmother's husband; the last of these mentions is in 1707, and he probably died soon thereafter. He was definitely dead by November 1725, when Maria is referred to as "the late Arent Grewe's widow." He is not listed among burghers of Bergen; he also does not appear on the 1700, 1702, 1710, or 1714 tax lists. Thus, nothing is known of his occupation.

Maria was still alive in November 1725, when she was godparent for one of Arent's grandnephews. She is very likely the Maria Grewe who was listed first among the godparents at the baptism of her son Jan Arentsen's first child and second among the godparents at the baptism of his second child. She is also almost certainly the Maria Grewe who was buried 5 April 1738 in Bergen; this is consistent with her not being a godparent at the baptism of Jan's third child in June 1738.

Arent and Maria had four children known from baptismal records:

(a) Jan Arentsen Greve (1701-??) - died young

(b) Herman Arentsen Greve (1703-??) - died young

(d) Anna Margrethe Arentsdatter Greve (1707-1772) - married in Bergen

(18), (19): Goldsmith in Bergen and wife - parents of (9) Maren Jørgensdatter Egelsdorf

Maren Jørgensdatter Egelsdorf's father (18) Jørgen Jørgensen (sources) (used last name Egelsdorf by 1710s) was born 1676 (baptised 29 September) as the sixth child of church messenger (36) Jørgen Pedersen and his wife (37) Giertrud Gillesdatter. He was orphaned at age 14. From 1692 to 1699 he apprenticed with goldsmith Peder Johannesen Reimers (not related to Jan Reimers, the husband of Jørgen's aunt Berete Gillesdatter). Jørgen completed his masterpiece in June 1704, and in November 1705 he was made a burgher of Bergen (indicating that he was now running his own workshop). From 1713 to 1716 he was foreman ("oldermand") of the goldsmith's guild. His creations are still sought-after collectors items; one partially gilded silver beaker from 1735 is on permanent exhibit at the KODE art museum in Bergen.

About 1705 Jørgen married Maren Vanderhalven, who died in 1707 (probate 27 June) leaving behind a one-and-a-half year old daughter Agneta. By August 1708 (when she first appeared as godmother to one of his nieces) Jørgen had remarried to (19) Maren Woensdatter Glerup (sources), who had been born 1682 (baptised 28 April) in Bergen as the second child of corn grinder (38) Woen Jensen Glerup and his wife (39) Ingeborg Jensdatter Loss. Maren (who in most records went by Maria) died in 1738 (buried 25 August, probate 25 September); Jørgen followed in 1751 (buried 5 February, probate 12 February).

Jørgen and Maren had ten children who are known from baptismal and probate records:

a) Jørgen Jørgensen Egelsdorf (recorded 1721-1739) - goldsmith in Bergen

b) Woen Jørgensen (c. 1708 - 1754) - merchant in Bergen

c) (9) Maren Jørgensdatter Egelsdorf (c. 1710 - 1796) - goldsmith's wife in Bergen

d) Giertrud Jørgensdatter (c. 1712 - 1763) - wife of ship's mate in Bergen

e) Henrich Jørgensen (recorded 1731-1754) - trained as goldsmith; lived in London

f) Gilles Jørgensen Egelsdorf (c. 1717 - 1784) - retail merchant in Bergen

g) Jens Jørgensen (1719-??) - last recorded 1738

f) Joni Jørgensen (1720-??) - died young

g) Kirsten Jørgensdatter Egelsdorf (1722-??) - goldsmith's wife in Bergen

h) Pernille Jørgensdatter Egelsdorf (1724-1759/60) - tinsmith's wife in Bergen

(20), (21): Retailer in Kristiansand and wife - parents of (10) Niels Iversen Bredal

Niels Iversen Bredal's father (20) Iver Madsen Bredal (sources) is first recorded in 1713, when he was made a burgher of Kristiansand as a tavern keeper. In 1722 he was still in Kristiansand, now supporting himself as a retail merchant. His family name suggests that he came from Bredal, a village just northeast of the Danish city of Vejle. The patronymic indicates that his father was named Mads, and the fact that both he and his brother Mads named their oldest daughter Riborg (a rather unusual name in Norway) suggests that their mother was also named Riborg. Thus, it is tempting to suppose that Iver was the son of Riborg Christophersdatter Wegner, who in 1689 was named as the widow of Mads Bredal in Vejle.

Probate records from 1727 and 1737 show that Iver's wife and Niels' mother was (21) Aase Jacobsdatter (sources), who in turn is shown in probate records from 1697, 1705, and 1727 to be the daughter of wealthy farmer (42) Jacob Torkildsen and his wife (43) Torbør Olsdatter. Aase was born about 1688 (age 8 in February 1697; age 16 in April 1705) on Boen farm in Tveit parish (northeast of Kristiansand). She first married Anders Haaversen (a skipper in Kristiansand and brother of her mother's second husband) and had two sons with him before he died abut 1711. In 1708 Anders had acquired a partial interest in Holte farm in Oddernes parish (between Kristiansand and Tveit), which Iver took over in 1716. In 1720 Iver took out a substantial mortgage on Holte, and by 1727 he and Aase were living (and presumably farming) there. They both died at Holte in 1737 (both buried 31 May, joint probate 5 August). The probate of their estates shows that they never paid the interest on the mortgage, and their debts outweighed their assets.

The names of two of Iver and Aase's children are known from the probate of their estates; there were other children, but these remained unnamed as there was nothing to inherit:

(a) (10) Niels Iversen Bredal (died 1764) - tobacco spinner in Kristiansand, later Bergen

(b) Riborg Iversdatter Bredal (recorded 1737)

(22), (23): Schoolmaster in Kristiansand and wife - parents of (11) Inger Rønnov

Inger Thomasdatter Rønnov's father (22) Thomas Pedersen Rønnov (sources) (also spelled Runnov or, especially in the 1750s, Rønning) first appears in the record in 1713, when he was made a burgher of Kristiansand as a schoolmaster. For a while in the late 1710s he lived in Arendal (about 40 miles northeast of Kristiansand), where two of his daughters were baptised in 1719 and 1720, but in the 1722 man-count he was once again listed as a schoolmaster in Kristiansand (Olav Ingstad, in his genealogical history of the Greve family, calls him a ship's captain, but I have found no evidence for this in the records). His origin is unknown, although his last name points to an origin from the estate of Rønnovsholm, just south of the northern Danish city of Hjørring. Thomas's wife (as named in several baptismal records as well as a letter of reference sent to the Dutch city of Utrecht) was (23) Anna Maria Sørensdatter Hiørring (sources). She had a brother Christen Sørensen Hiørring in Kristiansand, and both of them named one of their eldest daughters Else; thus, they are almost certainly the children of (46) Søren Pedersen Hiørring of Kristiansand and his wife (47) Else. Before marrying Thomas Rønnov, Anna Maria had first been married to a Bents Vendel; of her four children with Bents, at least two ended up living in Amsterdam. Anna Maria had already died when Thomas died on 10 June 1753 in Kristiansand. The probate of Thomas's estate revealed that his debt to his step-children in Amsterdam outweighed his assets; as a result, his children with Anna Maria received no inheritance.

Nine children of Thomas and Anna Maria are known from the probate of Thomas's estate:

(a) Bends Thomasen Rønnov (recorded 1753)

(b) Peder Thomasen Rønnov (recorded 1749-1753) - merchant in Amsterdam

(d) Johanne Helene Rønnov (c. 1713-1791) - skipper's wife in Kristiansand

(e) (11) Inger Thomasdatter Rønnov (1719-1789) - tobacco spinner's wife in Kristiansand

(f) Karen Thomasdatter Rønnov/Rønning (1720-1779) - wife of Danish officer/nobleman

(g) Anna Maria Thomasdatter Rønnov (recorded 1745-1760) - married in Kristiansand

(h) Helene Thomasdatter Rønnov (died 1767) - skipper's wife in Kristiansand

(i) Anne Cathrine Thomasdatter Rønnov (recorded 1753) - resident of Holland

(26), (27): Bailiff in Nannestad and his wife - parents of (13) Margrete Hansdatter Heide

Margrete Hansdatter Heide's father (26) Hans Andersen Heide (sources) was born about 1664 (age 42 at his death in 1706). The 1683 probate of his father's estate lists him as one of the ten surviving children of (52) Anders Heide, parish priest and dean of Strøm (about 50 miles northeast of Oslo), and his wife (53) Margrete Clementsdatter. As one of the younger children, he received an extra distribution from his father's estate to put him on an equal footing with the expensive university education his older brothers had received during their father's lifetime. On 1 July 1697 in Holter parish (about 20 miles northeast of Oslo) Hans married Christine Christensen, daughter of Christen Jørgensen, the bailiff (district administrator and tax collector for the royal government) for the surrounding Øvre Romerike district who had just died a couple of months before. Christine herself died in late September 1697 after delivering a stillborn baby. On 3 March 1700 (age about 35) in Holter Hans remarried to the pregnant 16-year old (27) Maren Olsdatter Dorph (sources), who had been born about May 1683 to (54) Ole Nielsen Dorph, parish priest of Beitstad (about 70 miles northeast of Trondheim), and his wife (55) Marthe Carine Nielsdatter, and who, after her father's death in 1692, had moved with her remaining family to Holter, where her maternal grandmother had remarried to bailiff Christen Jørgensen. Hans and Maren's first child was born about three months after their marriage. In February 1703 Hans was appointed as bailiff for Øvre Romerike, succeeding his sister Anne's husband. Hans died in 1706 (buried 14 May). His probate showed him to be a quite wealthy man, with property in 12 farms (and a plot in Oslo) as well as books in Latin, French, and German. A rich widow at age 23, Maren in June 1707 remarried to her first cousin once removed, Lars Larsen Riis, who in 1706 had become Hans's successor as bailiff for Øvre Romerike. Maren died in 1716 (buried 7 February), aged only 32 years.

Hans and Maren had four children (one born after Hans's death), known from baptismal as well as probate records:

(a) (13) Margrete Hansdatter Heide (1700-1778) - officer's wife in Nannestad/Holter

(b) Anders Hansen Heide (1702-1753) - bailiff for city of Fredrikstad, Østfold

(d) Hans Hansen Heide (1707-1766) - farmer in Eidsvoll, Akershus

(28), (29): Merchant in Bergen and wife - parents of (14) Edvard Christie

Edvard Christie's father (28) David Christie (sources) was born 1673 (baptised 17 June) in the Nykirken parish of Bergen as the only child of merchant and consul (56) Anders Davidsen Christie and his wife (57) Anna Henriksdatter Gyttri. He became a merchant himself and was made a burgher of Bergen in April 1695. Work as a merchant was not always easy; in 1699 he appeared in Bergen city court demanding payment for services rendered to an English merchant. By 1697 he had married (29) Engel Jansdatter Hosewinckel (sources), one of the two children of Bergen merchant (58) Jan Jansen Hosewinckel and his wife (59) Anna Wernersdatter Hofft. David is recorded as a moderately well-off merchant living in Nykirken parish (ward 3, later ward 4) in various tax lists from the 1700s and 1710s. He died there in 1719 (buried 9 February). By the mid-1720s Engel appeared in baptismal records of her grandchildren as "Engel Dam" (in one case even as "David Christie's widow Engel Dam"), but she does not appear to have actually remarried, as in 1731 she was still taxed in Nykirken parish (ward 4) as "David Christie's widow". Engel Dam died in Nykirken parish 1740 (buried 1 February).

David and Engel had seven children:

(a) Anna Christie (c. 1698-1754) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(b) Cornilsche Christie (1700-1766) - ship captain's wife in Bergen

(d) Jan Christie (1702-1757) - merchant in Bergen

(e) Anders Christie (1704-1725) - died at sea

(f) Aadel Christie (1709-1750) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(g) Frans Christie (1713-1719) - died young

(30), (31): Priest in Etne/Stord and wife - parents of (15) Magdalene Margrete Koren

Magdalene Margrete Koren's father (30) Johan Koren (sources) was born in 1690 (baptised 4 May) at Fet farm in Kvinnherad parish (about 45 miles southeast of Bergen) as first of the five children of (60) Claus Koren, Kvinnherad's chaplain, and his wife (61) Maren Pedersdatter Arentz. After preparatory schooling in Bergen, Johan in July 1707 enrolled at the University of Copenhagen. By 1710 he was back in Bergen, where he worked as teacher at the Latin school as well as secretary for bishop (62) Niels Pedersen Smed. In April 1713, at the quite young age of 23, he was appointed as priest of Etne clerical district, about 60 miles south of Bergen. On October 3, 1715 in Bergen, he married (31) Drude Marie Smed (sources), daughter of bishop Smed and his wife (63) Margarethe Fleischer; this was a high-society event, with a local poet composing a long poem for the occasion in Latin and Danish that was later published. In August 1724 Johan was appointed as priest in Stord clerical district (about 20 miles northwest of Etne), although he does not appear to have taken up his duties there until sometime in 1725. He died in Stord in 1742 (burial 26 April), leaving a quite substantial estate that included property in 25 farms as well as ownership of the Stord church building. By 1743 Drude had moved back to Bergen's cathedral parish, where she died in 1763 (buried 25 April).

Fifteen children of Johan and Drude are known from baptismal records:

(a) Maren Koren (1716-1717) - died in infancy

(b) Niels Koren (1718-1784) - merchant in Bergen

(d) (15) Magdalene Margrete Koren (1722-1806) - priest's wife in Tysnes, Hordaland

(e) Willum Friman Koren (1723-1788) - government official in Copenhagen

(f) Maren Koren (1725-1806) - priest's wife in Vikøy, Hordaland

(g) Johan Christopher Koren (1726-1773) - ironworks manager in Kleive, Møre og Romsdal

(h) Else Koren (1727-1756) - priest's wife in Etne, Hordaland

(i) Drude Marie Koren (1728-1806) - priest's wife in Skånevik, Hordaland

(j) Peder Friderich Koren (1730-1793) - bailiff for city of Kristiansund, Møre og Romsdal

(k) Sara Koren (1732-1732) - died in infancy

(l) Rebecca Christina Koren (1733-1809) - priest's wife in Fjelberg, Hordaland

(m) Peder Hofman Koren (1734-1735) - died in infancy

(n) Jesper Koren (1737-1737) - died in infancy

(o) Sara Cornelia Koren (1738-1807) - priest's wife in Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane

3-great-grandparents' generation

(32): Tailor in Bergen - father of (16) Arent Jansen Greve

Arent Jansen Greve's father (32) Jan Rolfsen Greve (sources) first appears in the record (as Jan Rolffssen Greve) in March 1645, when he was made a burgher of Bergen. In this record his birthplace is given as Bergen; as he had to be an adult in order to become a burgher, he must have been born here in the early 1620s at the latest. He is also found in the head-tax list for 1645 (as Jan Greffue), where he is noted as paying head tax for himself and a wife. Given his patronymic, Jan Greve was very likely the son of the (64) Rolf Greve who is also named in this head-tax list. In the property-tax list for 1657 Jan's residence is assessed at about half the value of his father's. This list also calls him a tailor; he thus carried on the same trade as his father (and later his eldest son). According to Olav Ingstad's comprehensive genealogical history of the Greve family, Jan died before the end of 1673; this is because he lived in Bergen's Korskirken (Church of the Cross) parish, where he is not to be found in the burial records that begin in 1674. While there is a Jan Rollefsen in the 1675 head-tax list for Bergen, that is probably a different Jan, as he lived in a quite different part of the city.

The name of Jan's wife is not known. It is possible that she was called Marie (sources) or Maren, as a widow Marje Grefve is listed as a godparent in the 1698 baptism of Arent's grandnephew, and a widow Maren Grewe in the 1701 baptism of Arent's son; moreover, an impoverished widow Marie Greve is listed in Korskirken parish in the head-tax list for 1700. Maren Grefve (though not called a widow) also was a godparent together with Arent's brother Roluff Grefue in 1686. This person is not mentioned in Ingstad's history and I cannot fit her anywhere in the known genealogy of the Greve family except as Jan Rolfsen's wife. However, I have found no conclusive proof that she was indeed Jan's widow.

Rolf had six children who reached adulthood, as outlined in the 1733 probate of his niece Malene Jensdatter Dødscher:

(a) Anne Jansdatter Greve (died 1696) - tailor's wife in Bergen

(b) Rolf Jansen Greve (died 1735) - master tailor in Bergen

(d) Marchie Jansdatter Greve (died before 1734) - twice married

(e) Jan Jansen Greve (died 1694) - merchants' assistant in Bergen

(f) (16) Arent Jansen Greve (recorded 1700-1707) - lived in Bergen

(36), (37): Church messenger in Bergen and wife - parents of (18) Jørgen Jørgensen

Jørgen Jørgensen's father (36) Jørgen Pedersen (sources) first appears in the record in June 1669 with the baptism of his first child in Bergen's Nykirken parish - this being the year that baptismal records begin there. Jørgen's origins are unknown, as he never was made a burgher of Bergen (he is a different person than the goldsmith Jørgen Pedersen who was made a burgher in 1669, as that Jørgen lived in Korskirken parish), but it is noteworthy that many of his grandchildren in the 1720s and '30s began using Egelstorp/Egelsdorf as a family name, suggesting an origin in southern Denmark or northern Germany. In 1671 Jørgen was called a laborer, but by 1672 he had become a "bedemand," or church messenger - someone who arranged baptisms, weddings, and funerals for the church and invited attendees. He was listed in both the 1675 and 1683 tax lists, but was absent from the 1689 list; he was also listed in the 1686 real estate register as owning property close to Nykirken. He was still a bedemand when he died September 1690 (buried 17 September, probate 24 September).

There is one baptismal record that names Jørgen's wife as Giertrud. It is also noteworthy that all four of Jørgen's children who themselves had children in Bergen named their first or second daughter Giertrud. That Jørgen's wife Giertrud was (37) Giertrud Gillesdatter (sources), daughter of (74) Gilles Meel, is indicated by the facts that a number of other Gillesdatters (including one who used the family name Meel) served as godmothers to Jørgen's children (and grandchildren) and that a Giertrud Gillesdatter in turn served as godmother with other members of the Meel family. Giertrud apparently died before 1683, as she was named neither in the 1683 head-tax list (which includes her three married sisters) nor in the 1690 probate of her husband's estate.

From baptismal records and the probate of Jørgen's estate we know that Jørgen and Giertrud had at least eight children (note that the Bøye Jørgensen who frequently appeared as a godfather with these children is not himself a son of Jørgen Pedersen, as he was not mentioned in the probate of Jørgen's estate and did not have a daughter named Giertrud; his relationship to the family instead came through having married Jørgen's niece Berete Reimers, daughter of Berete Gillesdatter):

(a) Berete Jørgensdatter (1669-??) - merchant's wife in Bergen, last recorded 1714

(b) Gillis Jørgensen (1671-??) - last recorded 1690

(d) Peder Jørgensen (1672-1722) - sea captain in Bergen

(e) Christen Jørgensen (1674-??) - last recorded 1690

(f) (18) Jørgen Jørgensen (1676-1751) - goldsmith in Bergen

(g) Joni Jørgensen (died 1714) - sea captain in Bergen

(h) Niels Jørgensen (recorded 1690)

(38), (39) - Corn grinder in Bergen and wife - parents of (19) Maren Woensdatter Glerup

Maren Woensdatter Glerup's father (38) Woen Jensen Glerup (sources) is first encountered in the records in 1681, the year of his marriage. Both the family name Glerup (used on occasion by him and by at least four of his children) and the fact that the Danish spelling Vogn was at least once used for his first name indicate a Danish origin. It is very tempting to link Woen with Jens Vognsen, who was named at Glerup farm in Vesterbølle parish, Viborg diocese, from 1637 until the 1650s and whose son Anders Jensen (possibly Woen's brother) died at Glerup in 1721 - but I have not found any proof of this link (both probate records and parish books for Vesterbølle begin too late).

On 21 June 1681 in Os (about 15 miles south of Bergen) Woen married (39) Ingeborg Jensdatter Loss (sources), daughter of Os's parish priest (78) Jens Samuelsen Loss. She was first recorded in January 1671 along with four siblings in the probate of her brother Niels's estate. By early 1681 she and Woen were already living in Bergen's Nykirken parish, where their first child was baptised 8 February (four months before their marriage). In 1700 Woen was recorded in the Bergen head-tax list as a corn grinder or miller; he apparently had a privileged position as the city's designated miller, but lost that position in October 1702. Woen died in Bergen early 1706 (burial 21 January, probate 19 March); Ingeborg followed in 1722 (burial 24 August, probate 18 February 1723).

Woen and Ingeborg had eight children (including two pairs of twins), as listed (with baptismal dates) in the probate of the estate of their son Lauritz's widow:

(a) Jens Woensen (1681-??) - last recorded 1713, dead by 1723

(b) (19) Maren Woensdatter Glerup (1682-1738) - goldsmith's wife in Bergen

(d) Niels Woensen Glerup (1683-??) - last recorded 1723, dead by 1733

(e) Samuel Woensen (1685-??) - last recorded 1706, dead by 1723

(f) Lauritz Woensen Glerup (1686-1743) - priest in Knebel, Denmark

(g) Ingebor Woensdatter Glerup (1689-1723) - skipper's wife in Bergen

(h) Woen Woensen (1689-??) - last recorded 1706, dead by 1723

(42), (43): Farmer in Tveit and wife - parents of (21) Aase Jacobsdatter

Aase Jacobsdatter's father (42) Jacob Torkildsen (sources) was named in the man-counts of 1664 and 1666 as the youngest of four sons of Torkild, the main tenant at Boen farm in Tveit parish (about 10 miles northeast of Kristiansand along the Topdalselva river). From their gravestones we know that Torkild's full name was (84) Torkild Svendsen and his wife was (85) Aase Elllingsdatter. Jacob's age was given as 22 in the 1664 man-count and 30 in the 1666 man-count, while in January 1697 his age was given as 59 years old; this implies a birth sometime in the late 1630s. After his father's death in 1668 Jacob became one of the two tenant farmers at Boen, along with his older brother Elling. He did very well there and over the years was able to buy property in at least seven other farms spread across six parishes to the north and east of Kristiansand; he also owned a number of books in German and Dutch as well as Danish/Norwegian. According to a gravestone that for a long time was preserved in the anteroom of Tveit church and was described by its priest in a 1947 publication, Jacob died 6 January 1697; inventory was taken on his estate on 10 February 1697.

In the probate of his estate Jacob's wife was named as (43) Torbør Olsdatter (sources). In another probate from 1701, Torbør Olsdatter was listed as a sister of Knud Olsen of Åbel and of Todne Olsdatter of Øvre Håbesland (both in Birkenes parish); both of these in turn are known from their own probates to be children of wealthy farmer (86) Ole Knudsen of Åbel (located 3 miles up the Topdalselva river from Boen) and his wife (87) Helje Tollefsdatter. A rich widow with three small children, Torbør soon remarried to Osmund Haaversen, a Kristiansand skipper who moved in with her at Boen, but he died by 1700. Torbør then married for a third time to Erik Arnesen Isefjær, another Kristiansand skipper (who was lost at sea off the Scottish coast in 1739), and moved to Kristiansand with him. After having another five children with Erik, she died in 1727 (probate on 16 September).

Three children of Jacob and Torbor are known from Jacob's probate:

(a) (21) Aase Jacobsdatter (c. 1688-1737) - tavern keeper/retailer's wife in Kristiansand

(b) Helje Jacobsdatter (c. 1692-1762) - priest's wife in Kristiansand

(46), (47): Residents of Kristiansand - parents of (23) Anna Maria Sørensdatter Hiørring

According to Kjeld Helland-Hansen, who in 1952 published a detailed list of Kristiansand inhabitants during the 17th and 18th centuries based upon archival sources, a (46) Søren Pedersen Hiørring (sources) was a burgher of Kristiansand by 1674 and died around 1692, with his (unspecified) business continued by his wife (47) Else (sources). I have not been able to locate the sources used by Helland-Hansen; they have likely not been put online by the Norwegian archives. The last name indicates that Søren likely came from the city of Hjørring, near the northern tip of Denmark. Søren and Else were almost certainly the parents of at least two children in Kristiansand who each used Søren as a patronym and Hiørring as a last name and also each named one of their eldest daughters Else:

(a) Christen Sørensen Hiørring (1672-1739) - cargo handler in Kristiansand

(b) (23) Anna Maria Hiørring (recorded 1719-1749) - schoolmaster's wife in Kristiansand

(52), (53): Priest in Strøm and wife - parents of (26) Hans Andersen Heide

The first definite mention of Hans Andersen Heide's father (52) Anders Heide (sources) is from October 1645, when an Andreas Heydius Norvegus (i.e., from Norway) enrolled as a 25-year old at the University of Leyden in the Netherlands. Various secondary sources assert that his patronym was Pedersen (although I have not yet found a primary source with this name); thus, he may also be the Andreas Petri Norvegus who enrolled at the University of Copenhagen in 1640, and he may well be a son of the Peder Johansen Heide who was buried in Oslo in 1623. In 1650 Anders became chaplain to parish priest Clement Christensen in Strøm clerical district (about 50 miles northeast of Oslo) and after Clement's death in 1658 succeeded as priest for Strøm. Anders died at some point between 26 June 1681, when he signed a letter, and 6 March 1682, when he was called "the late Anders Heide" as that letter was read out in court. The probate of his estate was not held until 5 March 1683; it showed him to be a quite rich man, with property in 14 different farms. The probate also recorded his wife's name as (53) Margrete Clementsdatter (sources). She was almost certainly a daughter of his predecessor (106) Clement Christensen, had been born about 1629 (age 83 at burial), and died 1712 (burial 28 June) in Strøm.

From Anders's probate record, he and Margrete are known to have had ten children:

(a) Peder Andersen Heide (c. 1653-1722) - priest in Kråkstad, Akershus

(b) Bendix Heide (c. 1655-1716) - judge (sorenskriver) for Solør og Østerdalen district

(d) Abigael Heide (c. 1658-1711) - farmer's wife in Strøm, Hedmark

(e) Aasille Heide (recorded 1683-1688) - priest's wife in Strøm, Hedmark

(f) (26) Hans Andersen Heide (c. 1664-1706) - bailiff for Øvre Romerike district

(g) Clement Heide (c. 1665-1748) - farmer and timber dealer in Strøm and later Oslo

(h) Anne Heide (c. 1667-1742) - bailiff's wife in Holter, Akershus; later lived in Oslo

(i) Michel Heide (c. 1669-1744) - timber dealer in Oslo

(j) Anders Heide (recorded 1677-1683) - student

(54), (55): Priest in Beitstad and wife - parents of (27) Maren Olsdatter Dorph

Maren Olsdatter Dorph's father (54) Ole Nielsen Dorph (sources) was recorded for the first time in July 1669, when he enrolled (under the Latin version of his name Olaus Nicolai Dorphius) as a student at the University of Copenhagen after having completed preparatory schooling in Oslo. According to a 1779 biography of his son Niels Olsen Dorph, who was bishop of Oslo from 1734 to 1754, Ole Nielsen Dorph was the son of (108) Niels Olsen, priest of Idd parish (about sixty miles south-southeast of Oslo, along what is now the Swedish border), and his wife (109) Pernille Christophersdatter Friis. After graduating from university, Ole was apparently unable to find a position in the Oslo diocese and instead in 1684 became parish priest for Beitstad clerical district, about 70 miles northeast of Trondheim (and roughly 400 miles north of Oslo). He was dead by 14 May 1692, when his replacement was appointed as priest for Beitstad. Ole's wife was (55) Marthe Carine Nielsdatter (sources), who had been born about July 1657 to (111) Maren Eriksdatter and her first husband (110) Niels Pedersen. According to the biography of bishop Niels Dorph, Marthe Carine was left impoverished after her husband's death; she eventually moved to Nannestad (about 25 miles northeast of Oslo), where her mother had remarried to bailiff Christen Jørgensen. Marthe Carine died in Nannestad in 1701 (buried 4 October), aged 44 years and 2 months.

Seven of Ole and Marthe Carine's children are known from the probate of the estate of Marthe Carine's mother; an eighth is known only from the 1779 biography of bishop Niels Dorph:

(a) Niels Olsen Dorph (1681-1754) - bishop in Oslo

(b) (27) Maren Olsdatter Dorph (1683-1716) - bailiff's wife in Nannestad, Akershus

(d) Anna Olsdatter Dorph (c. 1685-??) - priest's wife in Strømsø, Buskerud

(e) Pernille Olsdatter Dorph (died 1688) - died in childhood

(f) Peder Olsen Dorph (c. 1687-1756) - court official in Land, Oppland

(g) Erik Olsen Dorph (c. 1688-1755) - farmer at Ukustad in Nannestad, Akershus

(h) Ole Olsen Dorph (c. 1692-1758) - estate owner in Høland parish, Akershus

(56), (57): Merchant in Bergen and wife - parents of (28) David Christie

The first mention in the record of David Christie's father (56) Anders Davidsen Christie (sources) is from 1654, when he was made a burgher of Bergen. In this record, his birthplace was given as Montrose in Scotland; his name at baptism probably was Andrew. The Norwegian Christie family association claims to have identified Anders's father as William Christie of Fettercairn village, about 12 miles northwest of Montrose, but I have not yet seen the evidence supporting this (especially given that this does not match the patronym given Anders in the Norwegian records, and given that there are lots of Christies in the Montrose area at this time). Anders was consistently listed as living in Nykirken parish (ward 4) in Bergen in the various tax lists from 1657 to 1689; although his profession was not given, he appears to have been a merchant and also acted as consul for Scottish (and English?) merchants in Bergen. In 1667 Anders became engaged to (and presumably married) Griselle Gilbertsdatter Wentun, daughter of a Scotsman from Dundee who had been made a burgher of Bergen in 1640, but she died in childbirth in late 1669. On 18 February 1672 in Nykirken Anders remarried to (57) Anna Henriksdatter Gyttri (sources), almost certainly the daughter of Scotsman (114) Henrik Gyttri, who also hailed from Montrose. Anders died in Nykirken parish 1694 (buried 7 May). By July 1696, when her brother Hans's estate was probated, Anna had remarried to Edvard Robbertsen, yet another merchant born in Scotland, but was widowed again in November 1704. Anna died in Nykirken parish 1713 (buried 19 April).

Anders and Anna apparently had only one child:

(a) (28) David Christie (1673-1719) - merchant in Bergen

(58), (59): Merchant in Bergen and wife - parents of (29) Engel Jansdatter Hosewinckel

Engel Jansdatter Hosewinckel's parents (58) Jan Jansen Hosewinckel (sources) and (59) Anna Wernersdatter Hofft (sources) both first appear in the record on 1 June 1673, when they married at Nykirken in Bergen. Jan was made a burgher of Bergen in March 1674, at which time he was said to have been born in town; thus, his father was almost certainly Bergen resident (116) Jan Hosewinckel, while Anna's father was just as certainly Amsterdam and Bergen resident (118) Werner Chrins Hofft. Jan appeared as a resident of Nykirken parish (ward 8) in all of the tax lists from 1675 to 1702 and was called a merchant in the tax list of 1700. He died there 1709 (buried 21 October). By the time of his death he was quite rich; in a 1702 list of around 260 Bergen merchants he was one of 13 singled out as being wealthy, and in 1720 his widow was among the ten most heavily taxed residents of Bergen. Anna died in Nykirken parish 1727 (buried 9 June).

Tax records name two children of Jan and Anna:

(a) (29) Engel Jansdatter Hosewinckel (died 1740) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(b) Werner Hosewinckel (died 1755) - merchant in Bergen

(60), (61): Chaplain in Kvinnherad and wife - parents of (30) Johan Koren

Johan Koren's father (60) Claus Koren (sources) first appeared in the record in July 1675, when he enrolled as a student (with the Latinized name Clavdius Kornerus) at the University of Copenhagen after completing preparatory schooling in Bergen. According to several court cases from 1682 and 1683 involving inheritance disputes, Claus was the son of Bergen merchant (120) Johan Koren and his second wife (121) Cornelsche Sandersdatter. In 1681 Claus was engaged as private tutor to the family of baron Ludvig Rosenkrantz in Stavanger. This proved to be a profitable connection, for Ludvig had the right to name the clergy of Kvinnherad clerical district (about 45 miles southeast of Bergen), where his barony was centered, and in 1683 the baron appointed Claus as chaplain for Kvinnherad, with a view to eventually succeeding its priest (the right of succession received royal confirmation in 1687). In 1684 Claus bought a farm two miles south of Kvinnherad church, and by 1689 he had married (61) Maren Pedersdatter (sources), who had been born 27 June 1665 as the daughter of Kvinnherad's parish priest (122) Peder Henriksen Arentz and his wife (123) Sara Hansdatter. But Claus died before his father-in-law, on 28 May 1696 (roughly 40 years old), and thus never became priest. In 1697 Maren remarried to the next chaplain for Kvinnherad, Willum Friman, who did finally succeed to the priesthood there in 1710. Maren died in 1728 (buried 6 July).

Claus and Maren had five children who were named in baptismal records:

(a) (30) Johan Koren (1690-1742) - priest in Etne, Hordaland, then Stord, Hordaland

(b) Peter Koren (1691-??) - died as an infant

(d) Sara Koren (1694-1766) - priest's wife in Finnås, Hordaland

(e) Claus Koren (1696-1696) - died as an infant

(62), (63): Bishop in Bergen and wife - parents of (31) Drude Marie Smed

Drude Marie Smed's father (62) Niels Pedersen Smed (sources) was born in Bergen in 1655 (a more precise date of 14 July 1655 was given in a 1775 publication by church historian Albert Hatting, who had access to some of Niels's private papers). He was the only son (and one of two children) of Bergen city councilor (124) Peder Hansen and his wife (125) Margrete Nielsdatter, from whom he inherited property in 22 farms in the area surrounding Bergen. In July 1672 Niels enrolled (as Nicolaus Smetius) at the University of Copenhagen; after two years of study there, he spent another five years travelling across Europe, enrolling (among other places) at Holland's Leyden University in 1677. In June 1680 he was awarded a master's degree by the University of Copenhagen; two years earlier, while still engaged in his studies, he had already received a royal promise that he would be appointed as the next lector (teacher of theology to advanced students at the local preparatory school) in Bergen after the current elderly lector passed away. In 1684 Niels succeeded to the lectorship; by royal letter he was also given the rank of a professor (making him the second-highest ranking clergyman in Bergen diocese at the tender age of 29) and was made priest of nearby Fana clerical district (a position that was traditionally associated with the lectorship). In 1700 Niels asked the king to appoint him as vice-bishop, with the right of succession upon the current bishop's death. After he suffered property losses in a 1702 city fire (at least according to his own account; he is not named in a list drawn up by the city council of those who suffered large losses in the conflagration), he renewed his pleas to the king for more income, and in 1703 was indeed named vice-bishop. In 1711 Niels duly became bishop, but he apparently came into conflict with Bergen's city council over the council's plan to demolish blocks of buildings (including some that Niels owned) to create fire breaks against future conflagrations. Niels died in early 1716 (buried 28 February).

Niels was married to (63) Magdalene Fleischer (sources), who first appeared in the Bergen records in 1689 both as a godparent in Korskirken parish and as member of Niels's household (along with three children) in a tax list. Danish genealogist Kall Rasmussen in 1858/59 asserted that she was a daughter of Copenhagen apothecary Gregorius Fleischer, but (in contrast to all of his other assertions about Niels Smed's life, which are lovingly referenced) he provided no documentation for this claim, and Hatting in his 1775 biography of Niels had nothing to say of her origin. Magdalene survived Niels and died in 1732 (buried 28 May).

Niels and Magdalene are reputed to have had 20 children, but I have found primary source evidence for only two:

(a) (31)Drude Marie Smed (died 1763) - priest's wife in Etne and then Stord, Hordaland

(b) Margrete Smed (died 1720) - priest's wife in Nærøy, Trøndelag

4-great-grandparents' Generation

(64): Tailor in Bergen - father of (32) Jan Rolfsen Greve

Jan Rolfsen Greve's father (64) Rolf Greve (sources) first appeared in the record as Rolluff Greue in the list of Bergen head-tax payers for 1645 (the first such list); he paid head-tax for himself, his wife, and a servant girl. That same year Rolluff Greffue was also listed in the Bergen property-tax list as the owner of both a tailor's house (indicating that he was a tailor) and of a rental duplex with two tenants. He is mentioned again in the property-tax list for 1657, at which time his residence was assessed at a value about triple the going rate for artisans. There is no further mention of him in the surviving records, suggesting that he died soon after 1657.

Given that his son Jan Rolfsen Greve was made a burgher of Bergen in 1645 (and thus was an adult by then) and gave his birthplace as Bergen, Rolf must have already been present in Bergen by the early 1620s at the latest. There is no definite information on when or where he was born. Given that his oldest son was named Jan, it is tempting to assume that Rolf Greve was the same as the Rolluf Jansen, born in the bishopric of Bremen (in northern Germany), who was made a burgher of Bergen in January 1635. However, according to Olav Ingstad's detailed genealogical study of the Greve family published in 1943, an old family tradition asserts that Rolf Greve came from the Netherlands; this is supported by the facts that his son Henrich wrote letters in Dutch and that his grandson Rolf Jansen became guardian of the children of an apparently related Rolf Greve who had been born in Amsterdam in 1645 and died in Bergen 1693.

The name of Rolf's wife is unknown. Rolf is known to have had three children (named as siblings in the 1733 probate of Rolf's granddaughter Malene Jensdatter Dødscher):

(a) (32) Jan Rolfsen Greve (recorded 1645-1657) - goldsmith in Bergen

(b) Margrethe Rolfsdatter Greve (died 1655) - married a burgher of Bergen

(74), (75): Sea captain in Bergen and wife - parents of (37) Giertrud Gillesdatter

Giertrud Gillesdatter's father (74) Gilles Meel (sources) first appeared in the record as Jelles Meell in February 1638, when he was made a burgher of Bergen (implying a birthdate roughly around 1610). The book of burghers states that he was born in Bergen; however, Gilles (also spelled Jelles, Giellis, or Jollis) is a quite unusual name for Norway. Two other Meells were made burghers of Bergen in 1631 and 1632, respectively, and both were said to have been born in Aberdeen. Thus, it is tempting to assume that Gilles was originally "Giles" and born of Scottish parents. In 1645 Gilles Mell, listed as a skipper (i.e., captain of a ship), paid head-tax for himself, his wife, and a servant; that same year he owned a skipper's house. By the time his property was assessed for the 1657 wealth tax, Gilles Meel had died.

There is no record directly naming Gilles's wife. However, given that he had a daughter and several granddaughters named Berete, and given that a Berete (listed as Søren Michelsen's wife) appeared twice as a godmother for members of Gilles's family in 1671 (along with several appearances by Søren himself from 1669 to 1671), it is quite reasonable to assume that Gilles was married to (75) Berete (sources), who then married Søren Michelsen after Gilles's death and herself was dead by January 1676, when Søren remarried to a Trine Arentsdatter (who appeared several times as a godmother to Gilles's great-grandchildren in the early 1700s).

Gilles and Berete had at least five daughters who can be clearly documented as being of the same family (either because they used the family name Meel in addition to the patronym Gillesdatter, or because they were Gillesdatters who appeared as godmothers for each others' childen). There are a number of other Gillesdatters of the same generation who may also belong to this family. In the absence of baptismal or probate records, no sequence of birth can be assigned to these children.

(a) Berete Gillesdatter (died 1715)

(b) Elen Gillesdatter (recorded 1669-1683)

(d) Gillischie Gillesdatter (died 1698)

(e) Lucia Gillesdatter (recorded 1672-1705)

(78): Priest in Os - father of (39) Ingeborg Jensdatter Loss

Ingeborg Jensdatter Loss's father (78) Jens Samuelsen Loss (sources) first appeared in the record in August 1626, when he enrolled at Copenhagen University. Three years later he was appointed as personal chaplain in Os clerical district (about 15 miles south of Bergen), where (156) Samuel Loss (named as his father in numerous court records from 1649 through 1656) was parish priest. After his father's death in about 1659, Jens succeeded him as priest. Jens himself died sometime between May 1668 (when he signed a property transfer) and October 1668 (when he was referred to as the late Jens Loss). Despite the determined efforts of Norwegian genealogists, the name and origin of Jens's wife remains completely unknown.

Jens is known to have had at least six children, who are named in a 1671 probate:

(a) Henrik Jensen Loss (died by 1681) - farmer and constable in Os, Hordaland

(b) Niels Jensen Loss (died 1671) - farmer in Os, Hordaland

(d) Anna Jensdatter Loss (died 1729) - chaplain's wife in Fusa, Hordaland

(e) (39) Ingeborg Jensdatter Loss (died 1722) - corn grinder's wife in Bergen

(f) Kirsten Jensdatter Loss (died 1733) - married, lived in Bergen

(84), (85): Farmer in Tveit and wife - parents of (42) Jacob Torkildsen

According to Johan Tveite's detailed genealogical history of Tveit parish, Jacob Torkildsen's father (84) Torkild Svendsen (sources) first appeared in the record in 1616, when he paid 20 riksdollar to take over half of the leasehold for Boen farm in Tveit parish (about 10 miles northeast of Kristiansand) from his father (168) Svend. In 1620 he apparently paid another 20 riksdollar to take over the remainder of the leasehold. Torkel is named as farmer at Boen in the 1649 head-tax list as well as the 1664 and 1666 man-counts. In 1664 he was listed as 72 years old, and in 1666 as 75 years old, while in January 1668 his age was given as 74 years; this all points to a birth in the early 1590s. According to a gravestone that was recorded in the late 19th century when it was being used as a doorstoop for a local house, Torkild died 8 January 1668. That same gravestone recorded his wife as (85) Aase Ellingsdatter (sources), who died 25 October 1665, age 65; her origin is unknown.

From the 1705 probate of their son Elling, we know the names of seven of the children of Torkild and Aase (the four sons were also named in the 1664 and 1666 mancounts):

(a) Hans Torkildsen (recorded 1664-1666)

(b) Svend Torkildsen (recorded 1664-1666)

(d) (42) Jacob Torkildsen (died 1697) - farmer at Boen in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(e) Inger Torkildsdatter - farmer's wife at Tvede in Birkenes, Aust-Agder

(f) Signe Torkildsdatter

(g) Anne Torkildsdatter - farmer's wife in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(86), (87): Farmer in Birkenes and wife - parents of (43) Torbør Olsdatter

Torbør Olsdatter's father (86) Ole Knudsen (sources) was listed as 35 years old in both of the 1664 man-counts and 39 years old in the 1666 man-count; this points to a birth in the late 1620s. He was first recorded in a 1645 head-tax list as the son of (172) Knud Jensen and his wife at Hauge farm in Birkenes parish, on the Topdalselva river about 15 miles northeast of Kristiansand. Knud Jensen also owned land at Åbel farm, one mile downstream from Hauge; by 1661 this amounted to 2 1/2 hud ("hide", a measure of land assessment; in medieval times 1 hud was apparently the land needed to support one peasant family). In the 1661 land register, "Olluff Knudsen" was recorded as the cultivator of 2 1/4 hud at Åbel; the 1664 and 1666 man-counts showed him as the farmer of 2 1/2 hud there. Besides farming his father's land at Åbel, by 1664 Ole had begun acquiring property of his own in other farms; twenty years later he owned 10 hud of purchased land across 12 farms in Birkenes parish and at least 5 hud in 3 farms in other parishes in addition to his inherited land. Ole apparently served as constable ("lensmann") for Birkenes, a position usually reserved for the wealthiest farmers in a given locality. Ole died in late 1687 or early 1688 - he was listed in the 1687 land-tax list but was "the late Olle Abell" in the 1688 list, and the 1700 probate of one of his daughters' estate stated that probate for Ole's estate was held on 23 March 1688.

Ole's wife was named (87) Helje Tollefsdatter (sources), as shown by a silver tankard engraved with both Ole and Helje's full names and the year 1682 that was listed in the 1727 probate of their son Knud's estate. That she was the mother of Ole's children is shown by the fact that three of them in turn named a daughter Helje. Ole was not her first husband, as the 1701 probate of their son Samuel's estate listed an older half-brother Anders Samuelsen. Johan Tveite, in his detailed genealogical history of Birkenes parish, asserted that she was the daughter of Tollef Kiddelsen (or Kjetilsen) of Heimland in neighboring Iveland parish, but I have not yet seen the evidence that supports this assertion.

Five children of Ole and Helje are known from their probate records:

(a) Knud Olsen (c. 1674-1727) - farmer at Åbel in Birkenes, Aust-Agder

(b) Samuel Olsen (died 1701) - farmer at Hamre in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(d) (43) Torbør Olsdatter (died 1727) - farmer's wife at Boen in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(e) Ragnild Olsdatter (died 1724) - farmer's wife at Boen in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(106): Priest in Strøm - father of (53) Margrete Clementsdatter

According to Bastian Svendsen's manuscript history of priests in eastern Norway, Margrete Clementsdatter's father (106) Clement Christensen (sources) was ordained in 1610. He was listed as parish priest for "Oudall" (an alternate name for Strøm clerical district, about 50 miles northeast of Oslo) in a 1611 list of priests in the Oslo diocese; and he was still priest there in 1654, when he wrote a letter that was preserved in the National Archives. He must have died by 1658, when Anders Heide became his successor as parish priest.

To my knowledge only one child of Clement is known:

(a) (53) Margrete Clementsdatter (c. 1629-1712) - priest's wife in Strøm, Hedmark

(108), (109): Priest in Idd and wife - parents of (54) Ole Nielsen Dorph

According to Harald Bakke's detailed history of Idd parish (about sixty miles south-southeast of Oslo), Ole Nielsen Dorph's father (108) Niels Olsen (sources) first appeared in the record in October 1640, when he was ordained as chaplain in Idd. In the summer of 1643 he was named in a tax list as both parish priest of Idd clerical district and owner of Torp farm in Idd; in both of these roles he was the successor of (216) Ole Nielsen, surely his father, who was last mentioned around Easter 1643. A 1649 tax list also showed Niels as owner of three other farms in Idd and nearby Rokke parishes. In the inscription on an altar table donated in 1656, Niels used the surname Dorph (an alternate spelling of Torp) and named his wife as (109) Pernille Christophersdatter Friis (sources). She was the daughter of (218) Christopher Lauritzen Friis, parish priest of neighboring Skee clerical district, and his wife (219) Maren.

In the Treaty of Roskilde (February 1658), Norway was forced to cede some territory on the coast south of Oslo to Sweden. Skee ended up in Swedish territory, while Idd remained in Norway, but now right up against the Swedish border. In August 1658, the king of Sweden renewed his efforts to conquer Norway, and the following month a Swedish force moved against the fortress at Halden, about 3 miles northwest of Idd. Both on the way there and on their way back (after being repulsed by the town's unexpectedly strong defense) the Swedish force camped at Idd, with the Swedish commander quartering himself in the priest's house. Niels managed to remain on good terms with this commander and, through his father-in-law on the Swedish side, continued to communicate with him, thereby obtaining a letter of protection from the Swedes; as a later historian noted, it is unclear whether he was acting as a Norwegian spy, a Swedish spy, or a double agent. A year later, though, the story was different. When the Swedes returned to besiege Halden in earnest in the winter 1659/60, Niels remained as garrison priest within the encircled town, where his brother Peder Olsen Nordmand, former district bailiff and now major of a dragoon regiment, organized the defense. The Swedes broke off their siege in late February 1660 after receiving news that their king had died, but on their way back to Sweden they burned down Niels's farm, and for the following year he had to rely on food distributed by the town. Niels died in 1668, leaving eight children under the age of 25 (according to a letter by Peder Olsen's father-in-law); it is unknown when his wife Pernille died.

I have found the names of four of Niels and Pernille's eight children:

(a) (54) Ole Nielsen Dorph (died 1692) - priest in Beitstad, Trøndelag

(b) Christopher Nielsen Dorph (recorded 1706)

(d) Maren Nielsdatter Dorph - priest's wife in Idd parish, Østfold

(110), (111): Resident of Larvik and his wife - parents of (55) Marthe Carine Nielsdatter

A court case from 1671 quoted at length by Norwegian genealogist E. A. Thomle (although I have not been able to locate the original) makes clear that Marthe Carine Nielsdatter's mother (111) Maren Eriksdatter (sources) was the daughter of (222) Erik Madsen, parish priest of first Hof clerical district and then Rakkestad clerical district (about 45 miles southeast of Oslo), and his first wife (223) Anna Jørgensdatter. Maren's first husband was (110) Niels Pedersen (sources) of Larvik (a trading town about 75 miles southwest of Oslo, on the other side of Oslofjord from Rakkestad); we know his name because Maren's brother-in-law Anders Simonsen, the bailiff (district administrator) for Øvre Romerike district, complained to the governor of Norway in 1666 that he could not obtain the probate record for Niels Pedersen's estate. Niels had already died by 29 July 1665, when Maren was described as a widow in a contract. Sometime after 1675 Maren remarried to the much-younger Christen Jørgensen, who had succeeded Anders Simonsen as bailiff for Øvre Romerike, and moved to the farm he had bought from Anders in Nannestad parish, about 25 miles northeast of Oslo. Maren died in 1706 (buried 22 July), about nine years after her second husband. The probate of her estate revealed her to have been a quite rich woman, with property in at least 8 different farms.

As revealed in the probate of her estate, Maren had two children with Niels:

(a) (55) Marthe Carine Nielsdatter (1657-1701) - priest's wife in Beitstad, Trøndelag

(b) Anna Christine Nielsdatter (c.1660-1696) - merchant's wife in Oslo

(114): Resident of Bergen - father of (57) Anna Henriksdatter Gyttri

Anna Henriksdatter Gyttri's father (114) Henrik Gyttri (sources) was mentioned twice in the record: in April 1650, when he was made a burgher of Bergen (under the name Henrich Gyttrich), and in 1657, when he was named (as Hendrich Gødtrich) in the wealth tax list for Bergen's Nykirken parish (ward 2). The first of these records stated that he was from Montrose in Scotland; thus, his original name was probably Henry Guthrie.

From the probate of his son Hans's estate, we know of four of his children:

(a) Hans Gyttri (died c. 1696) - resident of Bergen

(b) Grete Gyttri (died 1707) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(d) Agnethe Gyttri (recorded 1672-1709) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(116): Resident of Bergen - father of (58) Jan Jansen Hosewinckel

Jan Jansen Hosewinckel's father (116) Jan Hosewinckel (sources) was named (as Jan Haesevinkell) in March 1640, when he was made a burgher of Bergen. The entry states that he had been born in Bergen, and thus it is tempting to think that the Johann Hoseuinckell who was made a burgher in 1611 might have been his father. In 1645 Jan's (unnamed) wife was listed by herself in the head-tax list; this indicates that by this time Jan had either died or left the city. I have not found him in any subsequent records.

One child of Jan Hosewinckel is known:

(a) (58) Jan Jansen Hosewinckel (died 1709) - merchant in Bergen

(118): Resident of Amsterdam/Bergen - father of (59) Anna Wernersdatter Hofft

The first mention of Anna Wernersdatter Hofft's father (118) Werner Chrins Hofft (sources) (the middle name is probably the Dutch spelling of the patronym Chrinsen) that I have found occured in a couple of Danish royal letters from late December 1640. The first recited that Chrins Chrinsen Hofft, the (now deceased) father of his former wife and a Bergen merchant, had borrowed money from him and his brother-in-law in 1637; they now sought to recover the money from Chrins's estate. The second recited that Werner Chrins Hofft of Amsterdam was now married to Cornelia Simonsdatter, daughter of the late Bergen city councilor Simon Corneliusen, and that her sister had followed her to Amsterdam; he was made guardian for the sister. In August 1642, Verner Hofft, a native of Amsterdam, was made a burgher of Bergen. He and his (unnamed) wife also appeared in the 1645 head-tax list in Bergen's Domkirken parish (ward 17). Werner Hofft was mentioned once more in a royal letter from May 1647 concerning a longstanding legal dispute between him and another Bergen resident. I have not found him or his wife/widow in the 1657 or 1675 Bergen tax lists.

One child of Werner is known; it is unclear which of his wives was her mother:

(a) (59) Anna Wernersdatter Hofft (died 1727) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(120), (121): Residents of Bergen - parents of (60) Claus Koren

Claus Koren's father (120) Johan Koren (sources) was first recorded in 1650, when he was cited in court for having served wine at his wedding. He was next recorded in July 1652, when (as a native of Bergen) he was made a burgher of the city. In 1657 he lived in Domkirken parish (ward 11) and was taxed on a wealth that tied him for 10th-richest person in Bergen. In December 1661 he was one of about 75 signatories on a letter to a royal commission considering a recent city fire. This is the last surviving record for him; given that his (second) wife was engaged to remarry in January 1669, he must have died by then (and given that his wife was a rich widow, and thus would not have remained unmarried for long, he probably died close to 1668). None of the records give a patronym for Johan, but given that he was born in Bergen, the only reasonable candidates for his parents are Bergen merchant (240) Henrik Koren and his wife (241) Mari Jacobsdatter (a conclusion that is strengthened by the fact that Johan named one of his sons Henrik). This means that Johan was very likely one of the two (unnamed) sons over the age of 15 for whom Hendrik was taxed in the poll-tax list of 1645 (no other male Korens of this generation are known from Bergen records), which in turn means that Johan was likely born in the (late) 1620s.

Bergen's leading genealogists of the interwar period were agreed that Johan was first married to Trinche von Rechen, although the only evidence for this that I have seen is that his only daughter was named Trinche (it was a Norwegian custom to name the first child of the appropriate gender of a second marriage after the deceased first spouse). As pointed out by Bergen genealogist Thora Sollied in 1937, several court cases from 1682 and 1683 make clear that the mother of all of Johan's known children was (121) Cornelsche Sandersdatter (sources), who was mentioned first in a 1633 probate record as the daughter of Bergen resident (242) Sander Jansen and his unnamed first wife and then in a 1651 court case involving her step-mother's property. After Johan's death Cornelsche became engaged in January 1669 (and subsequently remarried) to Cort von Wida, a German-born merchant in Bergen who left her widowed again in 1680. In the early 1680s she was involved in several court cases involving inheritance disputes between the children of her two marriages. She was still alive at the time her son Claus's probate was held in October 1696.

Five children of Johan and Cornelsche are known:

(a) Trinche Koren (died 1725) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(b) Henrik Koren (died c. 1710) - ship's captain and trader in Bergen

(d) Sander Koren (died before 1682) - died young

(e) Johan Koren (recorded 1683-1706) - goldsmith in Bergen

(122), (123): Priest in Kvinnherad and wife - parents of (61) Maren Pedersdatter

According to both a memorial tablet (epitaphium) in Kvinnherad church (about 45 miles southeast of Bergen) and an autobiography at the beginning of Kvinnherad's first parish book, Maren Pedersdatter's father (122) Peder Henriksen Arentz (sources) was born 14 March 1633. The identify of his father Henrik Arentz is unclear. According to one family tradition recorded in 1868, he was the Henrik Arentz, son of the archbishop of Bremen (and scion of the royal house of Ascania), whose gravestone from 1644 was still visible in Bergen in the late 1700s; this identification is favored by internet genealogists who seek a royal connection. But according to another tradition recorded in the 1820s, Peder's father Henrik was a master tailor from the duchy of Holstein in northern Germany. There are simply too many possible candidates; even if we assume that Peder's father was a resident and burgher of Bergen (which is by no means certain), there are three different Henrik Arentzes (or Arentsens) from the 1610s and '20s to choose from.

Peder may be the "Petrus Henrici" who enrolled at the University of Copenhagen in 1654 after preparatory studies in Bergen. Peder was ordained in March 1661 and at first was appointed as chaplain in Askvoll clerical district (about 80 miles north of Bergen). In early 1664 he became chaplain to priest (246) Hans Taraldsen in Kvinnherad clerical district, where he was listed in the 1664 and 1665 man-counts. On 11 July 1664 he married (123) Sara Hansdatter (sources), who had been born 3 March 1644 as the daughter of Hans and his wife (247) Maren Paulsdatter (Sara's parentage is confirmed by the probate of her father's estate in 1669). Peder succeeded his father-in-law as priest in February 1668 and remained in Kvinnherad until his death 25 September 1710; Sara died there 17 July 1720.

Peder's autobiography named five children for him and Sara:

(a) (61) Maren Pedersdatter (1665-1728) - priest's wife in Kvinnherad, Hordaland

(b) Engel Pedersdatter (1666-1724) - priest's wife in Klep, Rogaland

(d) Hans Pedersen (1670-1720) - priest in Stadsbygd, Trøndelag

(e) Riborg Pedersdatter (1671-??) - estate administrator's wife

(124), (125): Administrator in Bergen and his wife - parents of (62) Niels Pedersen Smed

According to a sermon preached at his funeral and published in 1680 (the 17th-century equivalent of an obituary), Niels Pedersen Smed's father (124) Peder Hansen (sources) (the family name Smidt was not used by him, but occurs only in the funeral sermon) was born on 17 January 1617 to a Hans Schmidt and his wife Else Pedersdatter. The place of his birth is uncertain - the funeral sermon claimed it was in Kiel, in the Danish-ruled duchy of Holstein in northern Germany, but when Peder was made a burgher of Bergen in 1654, he was stated to be a native of Tønder, in southern Denmark, like his older brothers. He was in the service of several noblewomen in Denmark as a youth before coming to Norway in 1641 as manager of an ironworks. In 1644/45 he worked under his brother, who as so-called "castle scribe" was in charge of the administration for the feudal lord of Bergen; he then spent a couple of years managing a copperworks outside Bergen. In 1648 he became his brother's successor as castle scribe, at the same time also being made the bailiff (district administrator and tax collector) for the region north of Bergen. On 4 January 1652 in Bergen he married (125) Margrete Nielsdatter (sources), whose birthdate and origin are unknown. Peder remained as castle scribe until 1663, but in 1654 was also made a member of Bergen's city council, a position he retained until his death (although freed from attendance at city council meetings in 1669 due to age-related weakness). In his various positions Peder amassed considerable wealth; in 1675 he was taxed on property in 23 farms in the areas surrounding Bergen. He died in Bergen 19 April 1678. Margrete was still alive in 1683 when she was taxed on the properties previously owned by Peder; she appears to have died by 1684, when they were taxed to "the heirs of Peder Hansen".

Peder and Margrete had two surviving children:

(a) (62) Niels Pedersen Smed (1655-1716) - bishop in Bergen

(b) Else Pedersdatter Smed (recorded 1672-1711) - priest's wife in Bergen

5-great-grandparents' Generation

(156), (157): Priest in Os and wife - parents of (78) Jens Samuelsen Loss

Jens Samuelsen Loss's father (156) Samuel Loss (sources) first appeared in the record in 1601, when he was appointed as priest for Os clerical district, about 15 miles south of Bergen. He remained parish priest there until dying in 1659 or shortly before (first called "the late Samuel Loss" on 3 October 1659). In a 1649 court case, Samuel's son Jens testified that Samuel was the step-son of the noble-born Karen Ivarsdatter; as this Karen was named in 1578 as the wife of (312) Steffen Eriksen Loss, it is clear that Samuel was the son of Steffen and was very likely the child whose birth led to the death of Steffen's unnamed first wife on 4 February 1571.

In a 1655 court case Samuel's wife was named as Euphennie Jensdatter. Gert Miltzow, in his history of local priests first published in 1679, identified her as (157) Euphemia Jensdatter (sources), daughter of (314) Jens Sørensen, priest in Voss (about 50 miles east-northeast of Bergen), and his wife (315) Ingeborg Nielsdatter. This near-contemporaneous identification is confirmed by a letter from 1656 (discussed by Ugulen), in which Samuel was called the brother-in-law of Søren Jensen (a known son of Jens Sørensen) by Søren's son Ole. A 1601 probate document (discussed in Anton Christian Bang's 1897 history of Norway's 16th-century) shows that Jens and Ingeborg indeed had a daughter Euphemia (then still unmarried). Euphemia was still alive in 1622 when Samuel acted on her behalf in purchasing some property.

Samuel and Euphemia had five known children:

(a) (78) Jens Samuelsen Loss (died 1668) - priest in Os, Hordaland

(b) Elias Samuelsen Loss (1619-1697) - diocesan official in Bergen

(d) Daniel Samuelsen Loss (recorded 1679) - a cripple in Bergen

(e) Anne Samuelsdatter Loss - priest's wife in Lindås, Hordaland

(168): Farmer in Tveit - father of (84) Torkild Svendsen

According to Johan Tveite's detailed genealogical history of Tveit parish, Torkild Svendsen's father (168) Svend (sources) of Boen was recorded in 1603 as a local lay judge. Svend was also recorded in the 1610 head-tax list as a tenant farmer at Boen in Tveit parish (about 10 miles northeast of Kristiansand). In 1616 and 1620 he apparently transferred his leasehold in the farm to his son Torkild. The 1705 estate inventory for Svend's grandson Elling Torkildsen recorded some silverware engraved "Svend Pedersen"; this may be Svend's full name. If that is so, then a gravestone that for many years lay near the main entrance to Tveit church and was inscribed "S P 1622" may also refer to Svend. The name of Svend's wife is unknown, although silverware in Elling's estate engraved "Anne Aagesdatter" may refer to her.

One son of Svend is known from the Norwegian records:

(a) (84) Torkild Svendsen (died 1668) - farmer at Boen in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(172), (173): Farmer in Birkenes and wife - parents of (86) Ole Knudsen

Ole Knudsen's father (172) Knud Jensen (sources) was listed as age 74 in both of the 1664 man-counts and 76 in the 1666 man-count and thus was born around 1590. As shown by his later ownership of this farm, he was the son of (344) Jens Bentsen and his wife (345) Gunvor Olsdatter of Østre Foss farm, located on the Topdalselva river in Tveit parish just downstream of its border with Birkenes parish (about 12 miles northeast of Kristiansand). In the 1620 and 1622 tax lists, he was listed as householder Knud Østre Foss, apparently still living on his parents' farm but with his own family already started. In the 1623 tax list, he for the first time was listed as Knud Hauge, living at what is now Have farm in Birkenes parish (about 3 miles upstream from Østre Foss); he would be recorded as Knud (Jensen) Hauge or Haffue for the remainder of his life, including in the 1645 head-tax list and the 1664 and 1666 man-counts. By 1647 Knud already owned property in five farms, including 2 hud in Åbel farm (a mile downstream of Have), where his son Ole would eventually settle; by 1676 his real estate portfolio had expanded to ownership in at least nine farms. In 1661 (after his mother's death) Knud was also listed as the owner of most of Østre Foss farm, which in a 1664 agreement he split with his brother Bent Jensen, with Knud's share going to his son Guttorm. In the 1660s and possibly earlier, Knud was constable ("lensmand"), a position reserved for the wealthiest farmers in a locality. Knud died in late 1676 or early 1677, as he was no longer listed in the 1677 tax list.

Knud's wife had the initials T. H., as shown by a silver tankard with the initials K. I. S. (for Knud Iens Son) and T. H. D. along with the year 1647 that was listed in the 1713 estate inventory for one of Knud's grandsons. She has been identified as (173) Todne Haaversdatter (sources) of Nedre Mæbø farm in Vestre Moland parish (to the southeast of Birkenes parish). The Todne makes sense, as at least one of Knud's children had a daughter named Todne; and that she was one of the four daughters of (346) Haaver Pedersen of Nedre Mæbø and his wife (347) Gro Guttormsdatter is shown by the fact that Knud by the mid-1640s owned allodial (i.e., inherited) interests in Nedre Mæbø and another farm that amounted to about one-fourth of the allodial property that had been owned by Haaver in the mid-1620s.

Knud and Todne had four children who can be identified through patterns of property inheritances:

(a) Gullov Knudsen (died c. 1661) - farmer at Østre Foss in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(b) Allaug Knudsdatter (died 1706) - farmer's wife at Metveit in Landvik, Aust-Agder

(d) (86) Ole Knudsen (died c. 1688) - farmer at Åbel in Birkenes, Aust-Agder

(216): Priest in Idd - father of (108) Niels Olsen

The first record of Niels Olsen's father (216) Ole Nielsen (sources) is in a land registry from around 1615, which listed him as the owner of Torp farm in Idd parish (about 60 miles south-southeast of Oslo); another land registry in 1624 listed him (now called "Her", or Rev.) as the owner of both allodial (i.e., inherited) and purchased property in Torp. Both his patronymic and his ownership of allodial property at Torp indicate that he was the son of (432) Niels Håkonsen, who was recorded at Torp in 1595. According to Bastian Svendsen's manuscript history of eastern Norway's clergy, Ole was ordained as chaplain of Idd in 1609. In 1629 he was named (as Olaf Nilssen, priest of Idd church) in a royal missive concerning the establishment of a chapel in the newly established town of Halden, about three miles away. By 1642 he was old and weak, requiring the assistance of a chaplain to fulfil his ritual duties. He was listed for the last time in a tax list for Easter 1643; in the next tax list, for mid-summer 1643, his son Niels Olsen had taken over as both priest of Idd and owner of Torp farm, suggesting that Ole had died in the meantime.

Local historian Harald Bakke in 1915 named Ole's wife as Eline Pedersdatter, though I have seen no evidence to support this. Two children of Ole are known:

(a) (108) Niels Olsen (Dorph) (died 1668) - priest in Idd, Østfold

(b) Peder Olsen Nordmand (died 1676) - merchant/army officer in Fredrikshald, Østfold

(218), (219): Priest in Skee and wife - parents of (109) Pernille Christophersdatter Friis

According to a gravestone inside Skee church (visible until the 1860s) quoted by Norwegian genealogist S. H. Finne-Grønn, Pernille Christophersdatter Friis's father (218) Christopher Lauritzen Friis (sources) was born in 1592 in Bogense, a town on the north side of Fyn island in Denmark; his parents are unknown. In November 1613 he enrolled at the University of Copenhagen under the name Christophorus Laurentij Bogonianus (i.e., of Bogense). Around 1622 he became chaplain to parish priest Christen Clementsen in Skee clerical district (about 80 miles south of Oslo and 15 miles southwest of Idd). By 1635, when he carved his initials C.L.F. into the church's pulpit, he had succeeded as parish priest. He remained as priest of Skee even after it became Swedish as a result of the Treaty of Roskilde in February 1658 and died there on 3 October 1667. Christopher's wife was named (219) Maren (sources); as his widow she wrote a letter in March 1674 from Skee that was read out in Frederikshald's city court. Finne-Grønn asserted that her patronym was Christensen and that she was the daughter of Christopher's predecessor. While it is suggestive that one of her sons was named Christen, and it was common practice at this time for chaplains to marry a daughter of the priest they served under, I have so far not seen any direct evidence confirming Maren's patronym.

Finne-Grønn named seven children of Christopher and Maren; an eighth is known from Swedish records:

(a) Lars Christophersen Friis (died 1687) - priest in Strömstad, Bohuslän, Sweden

(b) Anders Christophersen Friis (recorded 1691) - bailiff for city of Fredrikshald, Østfold

(d) Christen Christophersen (recorded 1669) - resided in Skee, Bohuslän, Sweden

(e) (109) Pernille Christophersdatter Friis (recorded 1656) - priest's wife in Idd, Østfold

(f) Viveke Christophersdatter Friis (died 1712) - district judge's wife in Oslo

(g) Maren Christophersdatter Friis (died 1684) - priest's wife in Aremark, Østfold

(h) Christence Christophersdatter Friis - merchant's wife in Fredrikshald, Østfold

(222), (223): Priest in Rakkestad and wife - parents of (111) Maren Eriksdatter

Maren Eriksdatter's father (222) Erik Madsen (sources) first appeared in the record in May 1618, when he enrolled at the University of Copenhagen. The name under which he enrolled (Ericus Matthiæ Friderichsstad) indicates that he was from Fredrikstad (about 55 miles south of Oslo), and thus he may well be the Erik Madsen who was named as one of the children of the late merchant Mads Madsen of Fredrikstad in a 1628 court case. In about 1622 Erik became chaplain in Hof clerical district (about 75 miles northeast of Oslo) and succeeded as priest there in 1628. Around 1628 he also married (223) Anna Jørgensdatter (sources), an extremely rich widow (with property in 53 different farms across eastern Norway) whose first husband, mayor of Oslo Søren Mogensen, had died in 1625. Erik and Anna's first child apparently arrived too soon, for in May 1629 the diocesan court imposed a heavy fine on him for having sinned with his wife before their marriage. This stain on his reputation apparently made it difficult for him to continue as priest in Hof, and so he moved to Rakkestad clerical district (about 45 miles southeast of Oslo and about 25 miles northeast of Erik's birthplace of Fredrikstad), where he was first named in the annual tax list for 1632. Anna was still alive in May 1634, when Erik erected a gravestone for her and her first husband in Oslo's cemetery that left Anna's death date blank, but she must have died soon thereafter, as Erik by the early 1640s had remarried to a Hylleborg Madsdatter. In 1639 Erik received a master's degree from the University of Copenhagen and thereafter called himself "master Erik Madsen" in the annual tax list. He died around 1649, as he was listed in the tax list for 1648/49, but his property was instead taxed to "the heirs of the late Rev. Erik Madsen" in the tax list for 1649/50.

Four children of Erik and Anna are known from court cases in 1668 and 1671:

(a) Inger Eriksdatter (died 1700) - district bailiff's wife in Gjerdrum, Akershus

(b) (111) Maren Eriksdatter (died 1706) - district bailiff's wife in Nannestad, Akershus

(d) Margrete Eriksdatter (died 1675) - timber merchant's wife in Oslo

(240), (241): Merchant in Bergen and wife - parents of (120) Johan Koren

According to Bergen genealogist Gudrun Johnson, Johan Koren's father (240) Henrik Koren (sources) first appeared in the record in 1606, when he had to pay a fine for having failed to pay some customs duty. In 1614 he was made a burgher of Bergen; at that time his birthplace was given as Delmenhorst (a small county just west of Bremen in northwestern Germany). Over the next thirty years Henrik appeared repeatedly in the Bergen record as signatory to petitions, as a church warden, and as a named party in court cases. In October 1641 he was one of 130 Bergen citizens granted relief from customs duties because of damage he had received in a city fire the previous year. In 1645 he paid poll-tax in Domkirken parish (ward 12) for himself, a wife, two sons, a daughter, and two servants; he was also taxed for a large house (and three boathouses) in this parish and for part-ownership in four houses near the Bergen headlands in Nykirken parish. In the 1657 wealth-tax list he was the ninth-richest person in Bergen. According to Johnson, he died in 1664 (buried 6 March).

In a 1623 purchase contract Henrik's wife was named as (241) Mari Jacobsdatter (sources). In 1637 Henrik was party to a court case involving her inheritance from her paternal uncle, city councillor Job Jacobsen. This Job Jacobsen is also named in city council records from 1617 to 1622, but nothing further is known about his origins, and thus of Mari's putative father Jacob Jacobsen.

The names of four children are known for Henrik and Mari (the name of the second son for whom Henrik had to pay tax in 1645 is unknown):

(a) (120) Johan Koren (recorded 1650-1661) - resident of Bergen

(b) Grethe Koren (died c. 1694/95) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(d) Sara Koren (died 1711) - resident of Bergen

(242): Resident of Bergen - father of (121) Cornelsche Sandersdatter

Cornelsche Sandersdatter's father (242) Sander Jansen (sources) was a burgher of Bergen, but his origin is still unknown, as there were three different Sander Jansens who were made burghers of Bergen around 1620, two born in Bergen and the third in Yarmouth, England. The first certain record we have of the Sander who was Cornelsche's father is from 1633, when the estate of his unnamed first wife was probated, with an enormous sum left to their four children (including Cornelsche). This Sander then received permission in 1639 to acquire allodial property at Milde farm just south of Bergen in 1639 (when Sander's second wife Anna Clausdatter sold this property in 1678, Cornelsche's second husband was one of those who consented to the transfer on behalf of Sander's children). Sander died in early 1651: he was still taxed for Milde on the 1650/51 allodial tax list but not on the 1651/52 tax list, and Anna appeared in a court case on 8 April 1651 as his widow.

Four children are known of Sander and his unnamed first wife:

(a) Jan Sandersen (died 1665) - resident of Bergen

(b) Claus Sandersen (recorded 1633-1651)

(d) (121) Cornelsche Sandersdatter (recorded 1633-1696) - merchant's wife in Bergen

(246), (247): Priest in Kvinnherad and wife - parents of (123) Sara Hansdatter

Sara Hansdatter's father (246) Hans Taraldsen (sources) was first recorded in November 1635, when he enrolled (under the name Iohannes Tharelius) as a student at the University of Copenhagen after preparatory study in Bergen. His origin is unknown. According to Lampe's biographical history of the clergy of Bergen diocese, Hans was appointed as chaplain in Kvinnherad clerical district (about 45 miles southeast of Bergen) and then succeeded as priest there in 1639. The first definitive record I have found of him there is from a 1646 tax list, in which he was called Rev. Hans and listed at Om farm (adjoining the Kvinnherad priest's farm). Hans's wife was named in both a number of court cases and a grave inscription as (247) Maren Paulsdatter (sources). That she was the daughter of (494) Paul Madsen, parish priest of Kvinnherad until his death in 1639, and his wife (495) Else Eriksdatter is shown by the facts that Maren was often named together with Else in court cases in the 1650s and that Hans beginning in 1664 was taxed for allodial (inherited) property at Lande farm in Kvinnherad on which Paul and then Else (who died about 1662) had previously been taxed. According to her grave inscription, Maren died on 21 July 1660, aged 44; she thus was born about 1616. Hans died in late 1667 or early 1668, as his son-in-law Peder Henriksen was appointed as his successor as priest in February 1668 and Lande farm was taxed to Hans's heirs in the 1668 tax list. Probate on Hans's estate, however, was not held until May 1669.

According to Hans's probate record, he and Maren had three children:

(a) (123) Sara Hansdatter (1644-1720) - priest's wife in Kvinnherad, Hordaland

(b) Margrethe Hansdatter (recorded 1669) - resident of Kvinnherad, Hordaland

6-great-grandparents' Generation

(312): Priest in Eid - father of (156) Samuel Loss

Samuel Loss's father (312) Steffen Eriksen Loss (sources) was first recorded in April 1567, when he was ordained as the personal chaplain of his father (624) Erik Eriksen Loss, the priest in Eid clerical district (in the Nordfjord region roughly 150 miles north of Bergen). In June 1569 he attended a synod (meeting of a diocese's clergy) in Bergen along with his father. On 4 February 1571 his wife (not named in the sources) died while giving birth to their first child, which survived. By August 1578 Steffen had succeeded his father as priest in Eid; he was also now married to noble-born Karen Ivarsdatter, who was involved in a series of legal disputes concerning inherited property. Steffen does not appear in the record again, and the next priest of Eid is first mentioned in 1585, suggesting that Steffen had died by then.

Steffen and his unnamed first wife had one child:

(a) (156) Samuel Loss (died c. 1659) - priest in Os, Hordaland

(314), (315): Priest in Voss and wife - parents of (157) Euphemia Jensdatter

Euphemia Jensdatter's father (314) Jens Sørensen (sources) was first recorded in June 1569, when he attended the synod in Bergen as the representative from Voss (about 50 miles east-northeast of Bergen, along the main road from Bergen to Oslo). By April 1571 he was the priest in Voss. That summer he traveled to Denmark in order to obtain royal approval for an additional appointment to the next vacancy as a canon of Bergen Cathedral. The letter granting this approval called him "Jens Seffrensøn Sjælandsfar", which has generally been interpreted to mean that his father came from the Danish island of Sjælland. Jens was dead by 7 June 1591, when the king made arrangements for filling the vacancy in Voss; Gert Miltzow, who was born at Voss in 1629 and later became priest there, in his history of Voss's clergy published in 1679 gave his date of death as 1590.

Two court cases from 1593 and 1599 and a probate record from 1601, when taken together, show that Jens's wife was the brother of Hans Hess and daughter of (630) Niels Henriksen (Jens's predecessor as priest in Voss) and his wife (631) Euphemia Andersdatter. Miltzow gave her name as (315) Ingeborg Nielsdatter (sources). She was dead by 1601, when her brother and her children held probate of her estate.

Jens and Ingeborg are known to have had at least six children, two of whom used the last name "Landgrav" when enrolling as students of theology at the University of Rostock in Germany:

(a) Mads Jensen Landgrav (died 1618) - priest in Voss, Hordaland

(b) Søren Jensen (died 1629/30) - mayor of Stavanger, Rogaland

(d) Henrik Jensen (died 1609) - priest in Vikør, Hordaland

(e) Karen Jensdatter (recorded 1593)

(f) (157) Euphemia Jensdatter (recorded 1601-1622) - priest's wife in Os, Hordaland

(344), (345): Farmer in Tveit and wife - parents of (172) Knud Jensen

Knud Jensen's father (344) Jens Bentsen (sources) (probably born in the 1560s, given that Knud was born c. 1590) was the son of (688) Bent Jensen of Stausland farm in Søgne parish (about 10 miles southwest of Kristiansand) and his wife (689) Birgitte; this is shown both by his patronymic (recorded in a 1633 probate record) and by his listing in 1624 as a co-heir of property at Liære and Stausland farms (both of which had been bequeathed in 1608 to the heirs of Bent Stausland). But with his marriage to a rich heiress, Jens moved east to his father-in-law's farm of Østre Foss in Tveit parish (about 12 miles northeast of Kristiansand), where he first appeared as a lay judge in 1603 and as a tenant farmer in the 1610 tax list. About 1624 his father-in-law began to transfer property to the next generation, and that year Jens was for the first time listed as the owner of 1 1/2 hud at Østre Foss; he also owned 3 hud in a farm further east. By 1633 (after the death of his father-in-law around 1628) Jens owned all of Østre Foss (4 hud) as well as 8 hud elsewhere. By the early 1640s Jens himself began transferring property to his heirs; and in 1644 he was taxed on less than 8 hud of property. He no longer appeared in the 1645 property tax list, and in the head-tax list prepared in the summer of 1645 his wife was instead listed as the main householder at Østre Foss, indicating that he died either late in 1644 or early in 1645.

Jens's wife (345) Gunvor Olsdatter (sources) was the daughter of (690) Ole Gulaugsen, who lived at Hamre farm in Tveit parish but also owned all of Østre Foss farm, and his wife, an (691) unnamed daughter of Anstein Gunnarsen of Kjos. Gunvor survived her husband and was named in the annual tax lists from 1647 to 1651 as the owner of property in Landvik parish that had earlier been owned by her husband. In 1652 this property was owned by her son Anstein Foss, indicating that she may have died by then. She was definitely dead by 1661, when her son Knud owned Østre Foss.

Three sons of Jens and Gunvor can be clearly documented, though they may have had many more children:

(a) (172) Knud Jensen (c. 1590-1676/77) - farmer at Have in Birkenes, Aust-Agder

(b) Bent Jensen (c. 1614-??) - farmer at Kvikshaug in Fjære, Aust-Agder

(346), (347): Farmer in Vestre Moland and wife - parents of (173) Todne Haaversdatter

Todne Haaversen's father (346) Haaver Pedersen (sources) first appeared as owner of Nedre Mæbø farm (in Vestre Moland parish, about 20 miles east-northeast of Kristiansand) and three other allodial (inherited) properties in a 1610 tax list (the first one in the area that listed individual taxpayers). His patronymic is given in a 1624 land register, and tax lists from the late 1620s confirm that he lived at Nedre Mæbø, but nothing is known of his origin. He last appeared in the tax list for the 1628/29 and thus can be assumed to have died in 1629.

The 1624 land register showed that one of Haaver's property interests, in the farm Store Grevstad in Fjære parish (18 miles further north-east up the coast), had come from his wife. A court case from 1636 named the inheritor of Store Grevstad as (347) Gro Guttormsdatter (sources), daughter of (694) Guttorm Amundsen of Gjusnes farm (in Oddernes parish, about 4 miles north of Kristiansand) and his wife (695) Torbør. Gro survived Haaver and appeared as Gro Nedre Mæbø in the annual tax lists from 1629 until the series broke off in 1637. Once the naming of individual taxpayers resumed in 1644 she was no longer named, and thus it can be assumed that she died between 1637 and 1644.

Haaver and Gro had four daughters who can be identified through patterns of property inheritance:

(a) (173) Todne Haaversdatter (recorded 1644-1647) - farmer's wife at Have in Birkenes

(b) Øyne Haaversdatter (died 1692) - farmer's wife at Hamre in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(d) Signe Haaversdatter (died 1703) - farmer's wife at Steindal, Høvåg, Aust-Agder

(432): Farmer in Idd - father of (216) Ole Nielsen

According to Bastian Svendsen's manuscript history of eastern Norway's clergy, prepared around 1860, Ole Nielsen's father (432) Niels Håkonsen (sources) was named as resident at Torp farm (in Idd parish, about 60 miles south-southeast of Oslo) in a probate record dated 12 August 1595. Harald Bakke, in his history of Idd parish, indicated that this was a probate record for the estate of Niels, who thus died in 1595, and that he was the sole owner of Torp. I have not been able to locate this document, but have no reason to doubt its existence. The patronymic and the ownership of Torp farm indicate that Niels was the son of (864) Håkon Torgardsen.

One child of Niels is known:

(a) (216) Ole Nielsen (died 1643) - priest in Idd, Østfold

(494), (495): Priest in Kvinnherad and wife - parents of (247) Maren Paulsdatter

According to a grave inscription in a side chapel of Kvinnherad church (recorded in 1897 but apparently no longer accessible), Maren Paulsdatter's father (494) Paul Madsen (sources) was born 1580 in Hornum near Viborg (in northern Denmark). Unfortunately, there are multiple places named Hornum or Alstrup (the family name used by some of Paul's children and grandchildren, but not by Paul himself) near Viborg, so his origin cannot be pinned down. Some internet genealogies assert that Paul was the son of bailiff Mads Jørgensen van der Huus; this is incorrect, as a family history written in 1618 makes clear that Mads Jørgensen's only children were two daughters. According to Lampe's history of the clergy of Bergen diocese, Paul served as tutor in the household of Bergen's feudal lord before being appointed in 1610 as parish priest in Kvinnherad clerical district, about 45 miles southeast of Bergen. In 1625 he appeared for the first time in the Kvinnherad tax lists after taking out a tenancy on Fet (variously spelled Fitt, Fiit, or Futt) farm; according to Lampe, the priest's farm (Malmanger) had been damaged by a rockslide that year, necessitating a move. In late 1628 Paul appeared for the first time as farmer on allodial property, and the amount of land on which he was taxed steadily grew through the 1630s. According to his grave inscription, Paul died in Kvinnherad 16 April 1639.

Paul was married to (495) Else Eriksdatter (sources), who was named as his widow in tax lists from the 1640s to the 1660s as well as in a couple of court cases, including a spectacular one from 1655 in which she accused a locally prominent farmer of having abducted her daughter while they were returning from church services one morning (this appears to have actually been an elopement). Else, who lived on Fet farm in Kvinnherad, was listed for the last time in the 1661 tax list; in the 1662 tax list, her property was taxed to "the heirs of the late Else Eriksdatter". In addition to the properties inherited from her husband in Kvinnherad, Else also owned property in seven farms in the district of Ytre Sogn (roughly 120 miles northeast of Bergen); her son Hans Paulsen, priest of Hafslo, took over this property in 1663. She had owned these properties as an inheritance since before she was married, and in 1617 Paul Madsen (whom she had apparently married around 1614/15) had had to pay back taxes on these properties that her earlier guardian had failed to pay. Several hints in tax lists for Ytre Sogn in the early 1610s indicate that Else was from Bergen and the daughter of a "Rev. Erik". A couple of legal documents from 1604 and 1606 concerning tenancy of a farm just outside Bergen indicate that an Elsebe Eriksdatter of Bergen was related to a Margrete Hansdatter, widow of a Rev. Erik Olsen. Another piece of evidence strengthens the conclusion that the Else Eriksdatter who later married Paul Madsen was the daughter of Margrete Hansdatter: in 1671, Paul and Else's son Jens Paulsen was called "related in the third degree" (i.e., a second cousin) to Troels Christensen Krog, priest of Ørskog, who is known to have been a grandson of Thomas Hansen of Bergen. This relationship is easily explained if Jens was a grandson of Margrete Hansdatter, who is known from a 1618 family history to have been Thomas Hansen's sister. All of these scattered hints, taken together, indicate that Else was the daughter of (991) Margrete Hansdatter and her husband, the Rev. Erik Olsen - for which the (990) Erik Olsen who was priest of Voss clerical district is the only reasonable candidate (especially as he is described as being from Sogn, which would explain how his daughter came to inherit property there).

Five children of Paul and Else are generally listed in secondary sources, and I have found two additional children in a head-tax list from 1645:

(a) Mads Paulsen (died c. 1669) - priest in Norddal, Møre og Romsdal

(b) Hans Paulsen (died 1682) - priest in Hafslo, Sogn og Fjordane

(d) (247) Maren Paulsdatter (c. 1616-1660) - priest's wife in Kvinnherad, Hordaland

(e) Anne Paulsdatter (recorded 1655) - farmer's wife in Kvinnherad, Hordaland

(f) Else Paulsdatter (recorded 1645) - resident of Kvinnherad, Hordaland

(g) Sidsel Paulsdatter (recorded 1645) - resident of Kvinnherad, Hordaland

7-great-grandparents' Generation

(624): Priest in Eid - father of (312) Steffen Eriksen Loss

According to a later recollection recorded in 1571, Steffen Eriksen Loss's father (624) Erik Eriksen Loss (sources) (the patronymic is documented in a 1561 real estate document that he witnessed) was appointed as headmaster of the Bergen Latin School in 1537. He must have given up this position by the time his successor was recorded in 1546. By 1561 Erik was the priest in Eid (in the Nordfjord region roughly 150 miles north of Bergen), a position in which he was also recorded in a 1563 tax list and a 1569 list of attendees at a synod in Bergen. By 1578 his son (who had been appointed as his personal chaplain in 1567) was the priest in Eid, indicating that Erik had died by then. The name of Erik's wife is unknown.

Erik had one know child:

(a) (312) Steffen Eriksen Loss (recorded 1567-1578) - priest in Eid, Sogn og Fjordane

(630), (631): Priest in Voss and wife - parents of (315) Ingeborg Nielsdatter

The origins of Ingeborg Nielsdatter's father (630) Niels Henriksen (sources) are unclear. As early as 1679, in his history of Voss priests, Gert Miltzow claimed that his last name "Hess" indicated that he came from Hesse in Germany. However, there are no contemporary documents in which he uses this name; instead, it is a name frequently used by his son Hans Nielsen. Miltzow also claimed that Niels was appointed as priest in Voss (about 50 miles east-northeast of Bergen) as early as 1523 (long before the Reformation, which was imposed in Norway 1536/37) and that in 1534 he was chosen to convey the recently deceased Bergen bishop's testament to the king in Denmark, only to be captured by anti-royal forces outside Lübeck and held prisoner for a year. But Anton Bang, in his carefully researched history of Norway's clergy in the 16th century, did not repeat this story and instead asserted that Niels was appointed priest in Voss (as well as canon of Bergen cathedral) only shortly before the Reformation.

The first contemporary reference to Niels that I have found was from November 1555, when he was sent by Bergen's quite ill bishop Geble Pedersen to ask the king for someone to take over his duties; Niels returned in April 1556 with the king's reply that Geble should remain in office, but rely on Niels as his assistant. Geble finally died in 1557, and Niels was asked to help his successor find his bearings. Over the next decade, Niels Henriksen of Voss was named repeatedly in royal correspondence, legal documents, and the diary of a Bergen priest and teacher. He was also listed in the 1563 tax list as the priest with the second-highest income in the dioceses of Bergen and Stavanger. His wealth enabled him to acquire a house in Bergen, which unfortunately burned down in 1561. According to the diary, he died 10 August 1570. He must have already given up his priestly duties before then, as his son-in-law Jens represented Voss at the synod in Bergen in June 1569.

Niels's widow was named as Euphemia in a diary entry from 1571. The patterns of inheritance revealed in a lawsuit from 1599 show that she was identical to the (631) Euphemia Andersdatter (sources) who later married Berndt Guttormsen (a high-born native of the Faroe Islands who served as a feudal official in southern Norway) and died shortly before 1599. Her origin is also unknown, although her name (quite unusual in Norway) suggests a British, German, or Faroese origin.

Niels and Euphemia are known to have had at least two children:

(a) Hans Nielsen Hess (died c. 1619/21) - priest in Lindås, Hordaland

(b) (315) Ingeborg Nielsdatter (died c. 1600) - priest's wife in Voss, Hordaland

(688), (689): Farmer in Søgne and his wife - parents of (344) Jens Bentsen

According to Kjell Bråstad's detailed local history of Søgne parish, Jens Bentsen's father (688) Bent Jensen (sources) was first named in 1563 as one of the four children of (1376) Jens and his wife (1377) Gunnild of Stausland farm in Søgne (about 10 miles southwest of Kristiansand). In 1576 Bent was constable ("lensmand"), indicating that he was among the wealthiest farmers in the area. In 1584 he had co-ownership of a ship cargo, suggesting that he was investing his wealth in trade as well as real estate. In 1591 he was a lay judge and signed a power of attorney for the representatives from Søgne who went to Oslo to hail the new king. In 1600 Bent was sued for underpaying the tax owed on Stausland; after initially losing the case, Bent (called "Bent Jensen of Stausland") won on appeal to the King's Bench at Bergen in 1604. By 1608 Bent had died, as the probate of his mother's estate in that year directed a share to his heirs.

Bent's wife was (689) Birgitte (sources), who was named as the only taxpayer at Stausland in the tax-lists from 1610 to 1618. She was not named in the 1620 tax-list or thereafter, suggesting that she had either died by then or moved away. Her origin is unknown. A suggestion advanced by Petrus Valand (a local historian known for speculative hypotheses) in 1969 that she was the same as a Birgitte Rasmusdatter Abelsnes who had remarried by 1622 is clearly incorrect, as this Birgitte Rasmusdatter (who had known children born around 1616 and died shortly before 1661) was far too young to have been the mother of Bent's children.

Bent and Birgitte are known to have had at least three children:

(a) Stig Bentsen - farmer at Usland in Øyslebø, Vest-Agder

(b) (344) Jens Bentsen (died 1644/45) - farmer at Foss in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(690), (691): Farmer in Tveit and his wife - parents of (345) Gunvor Olsdatter

According to Johan Tveite's detailed local history of Tveit parish (to the northeast of Kristiansand), Gunvor Olsdatter's father (690) Ole Gulaugsen (sources) was first recorded in 1591, when as a lay judge he issued a power of attorney for locals attending the king's hailing in Oslo. In 1601 Ole and his sister divided up the property of their parents (1380) Gulaug Olsen and (1381) Aase Torjusdatter, with Ole receiving the 5-hud farm at Hamre his father had occupied as well as a 4-hud farm at Østre Foss (both in Tveit parish), a 4-hud farm at Rosseland (in Greipstad parish), and 4 hud of land elsewhere. By 1610 Ole was taxed on 18 1/2 hud of land; he lived at his family's main farm of Hamre (at the mouth of the Topdalselva river) while his son-in-law Jens Bentsen (Gunvor's husband) farmed at Østre Foss (about six miles upriver from Hamre). In 1622 Ole was still taxed on 15 1/2 hud of land, but in a 1624 land register he was listed with only 7 1/2 hud of inherited and 5 hud of purchased land - he apparently had begun transferring property to his children (possibly after the death of his wife). In 1627 Ole was taxed on 7 1/2 hud of land, and he was no longer listed in the 1628 tax list, indicating that he died in 1627/28.

Ole was married to an (691) unnamed daughter (sources) of (1382) Anstein Gunnarsen of Kjos in Oddernes parish. This is indicated by the fact that the 1624 land register shows Ole owning a bit more than 1/2 hud of inherited property in Moseid (in Vennesla parish) and his son Gulloff 1/4 hud of inherited property in Nedre Kjos in Oddernes parish; both of these earlier had been owned by Anstein. Moreover, at least two of Ole's children had sons named Anstein.

Three children are known for Ole and his wife:

(a) Gulaug Olsen (died c. 1657) - farmer at Hamre in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(b) Torjus Olsen - farmer at Rosseland in Greipstad, Vest-Agder

(694), (695): Farmer in Oddernes and wife - parents of (347) Gro Guttormsdatter

Gro Guttormsdatter's father (694) Guttorm Amundsen (sources) first appeared in the record in 1562, when he inherited Gjusnes farm (in Oddernes parish, about 4 miles north of Kristiansand) and several other properties from his father (1388) Amund. In 1576 he acquired a further interest in Gjusvik farm (in Tveit parish but adjoining Gjusnes across the parish line). His property was divided among his six children and their descendants in a 1624 settlement, which was challenged in court in 1635/36 (the 15-page transcript of the resulting court case provides invaluable insights into his family relationships). But he was already long dead in 1624; his property had already been taxed to various of his heirs in 1610, and he may already have been dead in 1591 when it was his two sons rather than he who signed powers of attorney for the new king's hailing in Oslo (i.e., pledging allegiance).

Guttorm's wife is named as (695) Torbør (sources) in the 1624 property settlement and the 1635/36 court case, but no patronymic is given for her. She owned inherited (allodial) property in Kvannes (in Høvåg parish) and Hesnesøy (in Fjære parish). On the basis of her ownership in Kvannes, local genealogist Petrus Valand in 1975 hypothesised that she was a granddaughter of Anders Herlofsen of Tingstveit (Øyestad parish), whose heirs in 1574 owned at least part of Kvannes. However, there were a number of other owners of allodial property in Kvannes in 1610 and 1624 who have not been linked to Anders Herlofsen, and thus it appears to me that Torbør might have acquired Kvannes through a different route, which means that her descent from Anders Herlofsen is merely speculative.

Six children are known for Guttorm and Torbør from the 1635/36 court case:

(a) Jens Guttormsen (died 1607) - farmer at Gjusnes in Oddernes, Vest-Agder

(b) Jon Guttormsen - farmer at Gjusvik in Oddernes, Vest-Agder

(d) Ragnhild Guttormsdatter (recorded 1624) - farmer's wife at Kvarsten, Vennesla

(e) Tora Guttormsdatter (recorded 1624) - farmer's wife at Stausland, Søgne

(f) (347) Gro Guttormsdatter (died after 1637) - farmer's wife at Nedre Mæbo

(864): Farmer in Idd - father of (432) Niels Håkonsen

Niels Håkonsen's father (864) Håkon Torgardsen (sources) was named in one document from 1559, which witnessed his purchase (along with his brother Anders Torgardsen) of a small property adjoining Torp farm in Idd parish (about 60 miles south-southeast of Oslo). According to Harald Bakke's history of Idd parish, Håkon eventually owned all of Torp farm and bequeathed it to his son Niels. Håkon's patronymic and his ownership of property in and near Torp indicate that he was a son of (1728) Torgard Halvorsen, owner of Torp farm.

One child is known for Håkon:

(a) (432) Niels Håkonsen (recorded 1595) - farmer at Torp in Idd, Østfold

(990), (991): Priest in Voss and wife - parents of (495) Else Eriksdatter

According to Gert Miltzow's history of the clergy of Voss clerical district, published in 1679, Else Eriksdatter's father (990) Erik Olsen (sources) was the son of a farmer from the Sogn region north of Bergen. His precise origin is unclear. According to a 1641 lawsuit involving his daughter Else, his paternal uncle was Ole Gundersen of Slinde, one of the richest landowners in Sogn; however, as his own father was also named Ole, this means there would either have been two brothers Ole Gundersen (theoretically possible under Norwegian naming practices if both grandfathers were named Ole), or his father Ole might have been only a half-brother of Ole Gundersen by a different father. In any case, Erik taught in the Danish city of Assens before becoming (no later than 1581) a teacher in Bergen and eventually the principal of its Latin school (which prepared students for university). In June 1591 he was a candidate for the position of priest in Voss (about 50 miles east-northeast of Bergen). The local community preferred Mads Jensen, son of the previous priest Jens Sørensen (ancestor 314 above), but after the bishop concluded that Mads was still too young and needed further university schooling, the king gave the job to Erik. Erik was apparently unpopular in Voss, not least because of his "rustic" background. He was dead by 7 June 1595, when the king directed the appointment of a new priest in Voss; Miltzow asserted that he died in 1594.

A 1604 letter concerning the tenancy of Fjøsanger farm just outside Bergen named a Margrete as the widow of a Rev. Erik Olsen - for which Erik Olsen, the late priest of Voss, is the only candidate. In 1606 the tenancy of Fjøsanger farm was given to Strange Jørgensen (who had acted as Margrete's attorney in 1604), his wife, and an Elsebe Eriksdatter of Bergen, who must have been Erik and Margrete's daughter. This indicates that the Margrete named in 1604 must have been (991) Margrete Hansdatter (sources), who (according to a family history written by Strange's son-in-law in 1618) was Strange's sister-in-law and died 11 January 1605. The same family history named another brother-in-law of Strange (and thus brother of Margrete) as Thomas Hansen, a lecturer in Bergen. From the farms just northwest of Bergen that Thomas received as a tenant in 1597 and 1606 and that his father had held as tenant in 1568 and 1577, we know that Thomas's (and thus Margrete's) father was (1982) Hans Hansen, a feudal admininstrator in Bergen who was married to (1983) Elsebe Thomasdatter.

Two children of Erik and Margrete are known from their inheritance of Erik's property in the Sogn region:

(a) (495) Else Eriksdatter (died c. 1661/62) - priest's wife in Kvinnherad

(b) Beritte Eriksdatter (recorded 1617-1646)

8-great-grandparents' Generation

(1376), (1377): Farmer in Søgne and his wife - parents of (688) Bent Jensen

Bent Jensen's father (1376) Jens (sources) was first named in connection with Stausland farm in Søgne parish (about 10 miles southwest of Kristiansand) in the fragments of a letter that was cut up and used to seal another letter dated 1538. These fragments indicate that there was some connection, likely through marriage, between Jens and the family that owned Skinsnes and Rødberg farms further west, but the nature of this connection is unclear. Jens of Stausland was again mentioned in 1548, when he tried to buy property at Østre Try farm in Søgne parish but failed because the land was entailed as allodial property (that is, relatives of the original owner had the right to redeem the land from a purchaser). The origin of Jens of Stausland is unknown. There is speculation that he was the son of Bent Hemingsen, a well-documented judge in southern Norway in the early 1500s, but the only connection seems to be that Jens is known to have had a son named Bent.

Jens of Stausland's wife was (1377) Gunnild (sources), who was named in 1563 as a widow living at Leire (a couple of farms west of Stausland) with four named children. Probate on her estate was held in 1608 (which may have been long after her death), at which time Niels Jensen and the late Bent of Stausland (whose heirs inherited property at Leire as well as Stausland) were listed among her children. On the basis of the 1538 letter fragments referred to above, genealogists have speculated that Gunnild might have been the daughter of either Jon Eivindsen of Skinsnes or Tosten Anundsen of Rødberg, but there is no clear evidence for either of these hypotheses.

Jens and Gunnild had four known children:

(a) Guttorm Jensen (recorded 1563) - farmer at Hagen in Sør-Audnedal, Vest-Agder

(b) (688) Bent Jensen (recorded 1563-1604) - farmer at Stausland in Søgne, Vest-Agder

(d) Randi Jensdatter (recorded 1563)

(1380), (1381): Farmer in Tveit and his wife - parents of (690) Ole Gulaugsen

Ole Gulaugsen's father (1380) Gulaug Olsen (sources) (or Ollufsen) of Hamre farm in Tveit parish (about 5 miles northeast of Kristiansand) was first named in 1572, when he was leader of a group of farmers that sued their neighbor Christopher Hack for blocking access to the river on which they lived. They were successful in having the king condemn and banish Hack. But Gulaug's son Gunuld then became friendly with the wife Hack had left behind and sought to have her marriage annulled so that he could marry her. Gulaug tried both before the bishop's court in 1576 and the King's Bench in 1578 to stop his son's plans, but in the end had to give in. Gulaug was dead by 1601, when his son and his daughter split his property among them; Gulaug may already have been dead by 1591, as it was his son Ole rather than him who sent a power of attorney to the new king's hailing in Oslo. The property settlement in 1601 shows that Gulaug was a quite wealthy farmer, owning about 23 hud of property (one hud, or "hide", traditionally being the amount of land needed to support a peasant family), including 5 hud at Hamre and 4 hud at Østre Foss farm in Tveit parish. The same property settlement, as well as an older property settlement from 1573, show that Gulaug was married to (1381) Aase Torjusdatter (sources), daughter of (2762) Torjus of Eig farm in adjoining Oddernes parish.

Four children of Gulaug and Aase are known:

(a) (690) Ole Gulaugsen (died c. 1628) - farmer at Hamre in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(b) Knud Gulaugsen (recorded 1589-1591)

(d) Gunhild Gulaugsdatter (died 1624) - farmer's wife in Oddernes, Vest-Agder

(1382): Farmer in Oddernes - father of (691) unnamed daughter

According to Kåre Rudjord's detailed local history of Oddernes parish, Ole Gulaugsen's father-in-law (1382) Anstein Gunnarsen (sources) was first recorded in 1575, when he provided a testimony of good character for a neighbor. He was also mentioned in a 1576 document delineating the border between his farm Kjos (in Oddernes parish, a couple of miles southwest of Kristiansand) and a neighboring farm. His seal as a witness to a neighbor's document in 1588 is the only evidence for his patronymic. It is tempting to think of this Anstein as a grandson of the Anstein Gunnarsen who was mentioned in a 1515 document in neighboring Søgne parish, but the intervening generation (i.e., Gunnar Ansteinsen) is not documented, and the property owned by the earlier Anstein cannot be linked to that owned by his purported grandson.

Five children of Anstein are known, according to Rudjord:

(a) Tollef Ansteinsen - farmer at Øvre Kjos in Oddernes, Vest-Agder

(b) Tarald Ansteinsen - farmer at Nedre Kjos in Oddernes, Vest-Agder

(d) Rannei Ansteinsdatter - farmer's wife at Moseid in Vennesla, Vest-Agder

(e) (691) unnamed daughter - farmer's wife at Hamre in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(1388): Farmer in Oddernes - father of (694) Guttorm Amundsen

Guttorm Amundsen's father (1388) Amund (sources) is known from the 1562 probate of his estate, which showed him as owning Gjusnes farm in Oddernes parish (4 miles north of Kristiansand) and holding interests in six other farms across southernmost Norway.

From the probate record, three children of Amund are known:

(a) (694) Guttorm Amundsen (recorded 1562-1576) - farmer at Gjusnes in Oddernes

(b) Jon Amundsen - farmer at Mosbø in Oddernes, Vest-Agder

(1728): Farmer in Idd - father of (864) Håkon Torgardsen

Håkon Torgardsen's father (1728) Torgard Halvorsen (sources) was named in two documents: in 1527 he purchased some woodland adjoining Torp farm in Idd parish, and in 1547 he purchased what appears to have been the remaining part of Torp farm that he did not already own as an inheritance. He also appears to have had some ready cash, for a 1559 document mentions that he had held a mortgage on adjoining Hof farm. His patronymic, as well as his ownership of Torp farm, indicates that he was a son of (3456) Halvor Erlendsen.

Two children of Torgard are known:

(a) (864) Håkon Torgardsen (recorded 1559) - farmer at Torp in Idd, Østfold

(b) Anders Torgardsen (recorded 1559)

(1982), (1983): Administrator in Bergen and wife - parents of (991) Margrete Hansdatter

The origin of Margrete Hansdatter's father (1982) Hans Hansen (sources) is unknown, but he was in Bergen no later than the 1550s, when he had tenancy of some plots of land there. In 1566 he was described for the first time as a "scribe", that is, the official in charge of accounts and other administrative matters for Bergen's feudal lord. At that time he was also already living at Ask farm, on Askøy island about 8 miles north-northwest of Bergen. The king in 1568 confirmed his life tenancy of this farm and in 1577 granted him life tenancy of four more farms adjoining Ask. His tenancy of the plots in Bergen he had already held in the 1550s was confirmed by the king in 1578. In December 1583 Hans was made a member of Bergen's city council, and the following year he was made a burgher of the city; in an undated letter (addressed among others to Bergen's feudal lord Peter Thott, who held that position from 1589 to 1596) Hans complained about the enormous costs of the entertainments expected of city councilors. Hans was still active on the city council in April 1594, but had presumably died by September 1597, when his son Thomas Hansen was given life tenancy of Ask farm.

In 1578 Hans's wife was named as (1983) Elsebe Thomasdatter (sources). In 1570 his wife was described as a daughter of (3967) Anna of Bjergit, on whose behalf Hans was seeking justice against the person who had falsely accused her years earlier of heresy and witchcraft. It is reasonable to assume that the wives mentioned in 1570 and 1578 are one and the same: Hans's daughter Margrete, who herself had a daughter Else or Elsebe and thus was likely a daughter of Elsebe Thomasdatter, was described in a 1618 family history as a sister (rather than just a half-sister) of Sidsel Thomasdatter, who had been born in 1559. The identity of Hans's father-in-law Thomas is unknown. There has been speculation that he was the Dutch merchant Thomas Ruus, based upon the supposition that both Hans and his son Thomas Hansen adopted the last name Ruus, but I have not seen any primary sources in which either Hans Hansen or his children used this name.

Five children are known of Hans and Elsebe; all four of the daughters married well, suggesting that Hans by the 1570s/80s was a man of considerable social position:

(a) Thomas Hansen (c. 1573-1613) - teacher in Bergen

(b) Sidsel Hansdatter (1559-1615) - bailiff's wife in Bergen

(d) Birgitte Hansdatter (died 1636) - bailiff's wife in Bergen

(e) Ingeborg Hansdatter (recorded 1604) - bailiff's wife in Bergen

9-great-grandparents' Generation

(2762): Farmer in Oddernes - father of (1381) Aase Torjusdatter

Aase Torjusdatter's father (2762) Torjus (sources) of Eig farm (in Oddernes parish, close to where the city of Kristiansand would later be founded) was mentioned (as "tiørijus eck") as a witness in a document from 1553. According to Kåre Rudjord's detailed local history of Oddernes parish, he was also mentioned in a 1546 document.

Later documents record at least three children of Torjus:

(a) Ole Torjusen (recorded 1602) - farmer at Eig in Oddernes, Vest-Agder

(b) (1381) Aase Torjusdatter (recorded 1573) - farmer's wife at Hamre in Tveit, Vest-Agder

(3456): Farmer in Idd - father of (1728) Torgard Halvorsen

Torgard Halvorsen's father (3456) Halvor Erlendsen (sources) was recorded in four documents: in 1478, 1491, and 1509 he bought portions of Torp farm in Idd parish (60 miles south-southeast of Oslo) from three different parties, and in 1488 he agreed with his brother Amund Erlendsen on how to split their inheritance from their parents, receiving the portion of Torp farm already owned by them. His patronym, together with his ties to Torp, indicate that he was a son of (7112) Erlend Gislesen.

One child of Halvor is known:

(a) (1728) Torgard Halvorsen (recorded 1527-1547) - farmer at Torp in Idd, Østfold

(3967): Resident of Bergen - mother of (1983) Elsebe Thomasdatter

Elsebe Thomasdatter's mother (3967) Anna of Bjergit (sources) (the name of a place on the west side of Bergen) was first mentioned in December 1561, when her house was one of those destroyed by a catastrophic city fire. The fact that she (rather than a man) was named as owner of the house indicates that she was already a widow at this time. She was mentioned again in 1568, when Henning the tailor was ordered to stand jury trial for falsely accusing her and her mother (7935) Ingeborg of Bjergit of heresy and witchcraft. In 1570 she was mentioned for the last time, as her son-in-law (1982) Hans Hansen continued to seek justice against Henning, who had fled to Denmark to avoid what could have been a trial for his life.

One child of Anna is known:

(a) (1983) Elsebe Thomasdatter (recorded 1570-1578) - administrator's wife in Bergen

10-great-grandparents' Generation

(7112): Farmer in Idd - father of (3456) Halvor Erlendsen

Halvor Erlendsen's father (7112) Erlend Gislesen (sources) was named in at least two documents. In 1427 an Ærlende Gislasyne bought a portion of Torp farm in Idd parish, pledging the property he already owned at Ystehede farm in the same parish as security for the payment. A 1442 document then reaffirmed that Erlande Gislassyni owned a portion of Torp farm. The division of inherited property among his sons in 1488 indicates that Erlend also owned a portion of Huseby farm in Berg parish, just to the northwest of Idd. Erlend's patronym indicates that he very likely was a son of the Gisle Erlendsen who was recorded in 1416 and 1419 in Enningdal parish, adjoining Idd to the south.

Two sons of Erlend are known:

(a) (3456) Halvor Erlendsen (recorded 1478-1509) - farmer at Torp in Idd, Østfold

(b) Amund Erlendsen (recorded 1488) - farmer at Huseby in Berg, Østfold

(7935): Resident of Bergen - mother of (3967) Anna of Bjergit

Anna of Bjergit's mother (7935) Ingeborg of Bjergit (sources) (the name of a place in western Bergen) was mentioned only once, in 1568, when Henning the tailor was told to stand jury trial for falsely accusing her and her daughter Anna of heresy and witchcraft some years previously. When Anna's son-in-law (1982) Hans Hansen continued to pursue justice against Henning in 1570, Ingeborg was no longer mentioned, suggesting that she had died in the meantime. Given that her first known great-grandchild was born in 1559, Ingeborg almost certainly had been born before 1500.

One child of Ingeborg is known:

(a) (3967) Anna of Bjergit (recorded 1561-1570) - resident of Bergen

Child 1:

Jan Greve (1825-1903)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 009, Bosted 0054 (Aalundsøen)

1875: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 003, Bosted 0031 (Nerem store/Aalundsøen)

1900: Fjelberg (1213), Tellingskrets 009; Bosted 0044 (Nerheim store)

Norwegian parish records:

Haus Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1821-1827), s. 105 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. B 1 (1852-1873), s. 120 (marriage)

Strandebarm Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 1 (1886-1908), s. 202 (death)

Norwegian land records:

Sunnhordland sorenskrivararkiv, Panteregister nr. II.A.d.4 (1866-1940), s. 258 (Tangerås)

Norwegian gravestone:

Strandebarm cemetery, Kvam municipality (DIS-Norge ID 312721)

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 60 (with photo)

Anders Haugland, Ølen: Gard og ætt (Ølen: Ølen Kommune, 2001), IB: 64

Johan Fredrik Lampe, Bergens Stifts Biskoper og Præster efter Reformationen (Kristiania: 1895-1896), I: 298

Christine Helene Lootz (1831-1913)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 009, Bosted 0054 (Aalundsøen)

1875: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 003, Bosted 0031 (Nerem store/Aalundsøen)

1900: Fjelberg (1213), Tellingskrets 009; Bosted 0044 (Nerheim store)

1910: Strandebarm (1226), Tellingskrets 002; Bosted 0050 (Tangeraas)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Nykirken Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 5I (1821-1841), s. 267 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. B 1 (1852-1873), s. 120 (marriage)

Strandebarm Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. B 1 (1891-1914), s. 207 (death)

Norwegian gravestone:

Strandebarm cemetery, Kvam municipality (DIS-Norge ID 312721)

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 60 (with photo)

Anders Haugland, Ølen: Gard og ætt (Ølen: Ølen Kommune, 2001), IB: 64

Child 2:

Pauline Greve (1826-1914)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0032 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0027 (Sunds Prestegaard)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 3169 (Sydnæshaugen 10)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 022, Bosted 0080 (Dokkeveien 1)

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 021, Bosted 0004 (Lyder Sagesgate 28a), Leilighet: 03

Norwegian parish records:

Haus Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1821-1827), s. 138 (birth)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. D 1 (1885-1915), s. 284 (death)

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmantall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Bosted: Lyder Sagens Gade 28a

Child 3:

Magdalene Greve (1828-1889)

Norwegian parish records:

Hosanger Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 6 (1824-1835), s. 31 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 237 (marriage)

United States census records:

1860: MA, Norfolk Co., City of Roxbury, Ward 1, Page 45, line 34

1870: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 14, Page 149, line 31

1880: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, ED 746, Page 3, line 43

United States death records:

City of Boston, Death Register (1889), p. 216, entry 5014

Wulf Christian Julius Fries (1825-1902)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 10 Jan 1844, p. 1 (advertisement)

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 19 Dec 1846, p. 13 (advertisement)

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 21 Apr 1847, p. 10 (advertisement)

United States immigration records:

United States Circuit Court, Boston, Aliens' Primary Declarations of Intention, vol. 10 (1855), no. 340

United States Circuit Court, Boston, Petition for Naturalization, vol. 9 (1856-1858), p. 444

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 237 (marriage)

United States census records:

1860: MA, Norfolk Co., City of Roxbury, Ward 1, Page 45, line 33

1870: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 14, Page 149, line 30

1880: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, ED 746, Page 3, line 42

1900: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 21, ED 1482, Sheet 8B, line 52

United States city directory records:

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1886, p. 452

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1898, p. 600

United States death records:

City of Boston, Death Register (1902), entry 3790

United States newspaper articles:

Hartford (CT) Courant, 5 Jun 1855, p. 3 (advertisement)

Fitchburg (MA) Sentinel, 14 Feb 1889, p. 3 (advertisement)

United States biographical directory entries:

Edwin M. Bacon (ed.), Men of Progress (Boston: New England Magazine, 1896), pp. 964-965 (portrait)

Child 4:

Henrik Greve (1830-1876)

Norwegian parish records:

Hosanger Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 6 (1824-1835), s. 51 (birth)

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. D 2 (1852-1867), s. 151 (marriage)

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. E 4 (1875-1883), s. 14 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Kristiansund (1503B), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0068 (Hougene)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2232 (22-26)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Den Norske Rigstidende, 3 Feb 1858, p. 1

Den Norske Rigstidende, 12 Aug 1864, p. 1

Den Norske Rigstidende, 18 Sep 1872, p. 1

Bergens Tidende, 6 Sep 1876, p. 2 (lengthy obituary)

Norwegian gravestone:

Korskirkegården cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 9872)

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 63-64 (with photo)

Elisabeth Christine Paasche (1840-1887)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 1 (1833-1841), s. 276 (birth)

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. D 2 (1852-1867), s. 151 (marriage)

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. C 5 (1880-1892) s. 33 (son's confirmation)

Oslo Uranienborg Prestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. 4 (1880-1901), s. 51 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Kristiansund (1503B), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0068 (Hougene)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2232 (22-26)

1885: Kristiania (301), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0129 (Majorstuveien 7)

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 64 (with photo)

Child 5:

Johan Fritzner Greve (1832-1907)

Norwegian parish records:

Hosanger Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 6 (1824-1835), s. 77 (birth)

Møre og Romsdal Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 572A09 (Kristiansund, 1855-1865), s. 28 (first marriage)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 259 (second marriage)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. E 1 (1885-1915), s. 215 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1265), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0033 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 146, Bosted 0007 (Foswinckelsgade), Leilighet 04

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Morgenbladet (Oslo), 19 Oct 1858, p. 3

Den Norske Rigstidende, 27 Mar 1872, p. 1

Den Norske Rigstidende, 6 Aug 1877, p. 1

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 26 Sep 1882, p. 4

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 20 Aug 1883, p. 4

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

Johan Fredrik Lampe, Bergens Stifts Biskoper og Præster efter Reformationen (Kristiania: 1895-1896), II:53

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 67 (with photo)

Anna Elisabeth Skjoldborg (1834-1877)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Domkirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1830-1837), s. 7 (birth)

Møre og Romsdal Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 572A09 (Kristiansund, 1855-1865), s. 28 (marriage)

Jølster Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1866-1881), s. 229 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1265), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0033 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

Secondary sources:

Johan Fredrik Lampe, Bergens Stifts Biskoper og Præster efter Reformationen (Kristiania: 1895-1896), II:53

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 67

Mathilde Dedichen (1839-1921)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Nykirken Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 5 (1821-1841), s. 323 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 259 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2400 (24-20)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 1981 (17-3)

1875: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0027 (Sunds Prestegaard)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 146, Bosted 0007 (Foswinckelsgade), Leilighet 04

1910: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 062, Bosted 0035 (Jakob Aallsgate 28), Leilighet 03

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 18 Apr 1921, p. 4 (death notice)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

Johan Fredrik Lampe, Bergens Stifts Biskoper og Præster efter Reformationen (Kristiania: 1895-1896), II:53

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 67

Child 6:

Henriette Greve (1834-1908)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 003, Bosted 0031 (Nerem store/Aalundsøen)

1875: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0027 (Sunds Prestegaard)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 3169 (Sydnæshaugen 10)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 022, Bosted 0080 (Dokkeveien 1)

Norwegian parish records:

Hosanger Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 6 (1824-1835), s. 103 (birth)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. E 1 (1885-1915), s. 225 (death)

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmantall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Bosted: Lyder Sagens Gade 28a

Child 7:

Aadel Greve (1837-1910)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1835-1849), s. 13 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 249 (marriage)

Sør-Audnedal Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 10 (1892-1913), s. 276 (death)

Oslo Johannes Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. 8 (1897-1917), s. 206 (burial)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Balsfjord (1933P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0104 (Mortenhals)

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 339, Bosted 0001 (Majorstuveien 28), Leilighet 04

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 17 Jan 1910, p. 3 (death notice)

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 70 (with photo)

Dominicus Nagel Lemvig Brun (1831-1899)

Norwegian parish records:

Møre og Romsdal Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 595A04 (Mo, 1829-1843), s. 17 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 249 (marriage)

Oslo Trefoldighet Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. IV 4 (1897-1912), s. 49 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Balsfjord (1933P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0104 (Mortenhals)

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Drammens Tidende, 13 Apr 1859, p. 2

Morgenbladet (Oslo), 16 Oct 1861, p. 1

Fædrelandet (Oslo), 11 May 1870, p. 1

Romsdals Amtstidende, 27 Apr 1880, p. 1

Secondary sources:

W. H. Christie, Genealogiske Optegnelser om Slægten Christie i Norge 1650-1890 (Bergen: 1909), p. 75

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 70-71 (with photo)

Child 8:

Didrik Greve (1839-1839)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1835-1849), s. 32 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1835-1849), s. 285 (death)

Child 9:

Ulrikke Viby Greve (1840-1931)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1835-1849), s. 38 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 228 (marriage)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. D 2 (1916-1950), s. 134b-135a (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0032 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2416 (23-62)

1875: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0027 (Sunds Prestegaard)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0550 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 051, Bosted 0035 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 120, Bosted 0021 (Kong Oscarsgade 66), Leilighet 02

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 074, Bosted 0005 (Richard Nordraaksgate 4), Leilighet 01

1922: Bergen (Kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 0565 (Dokkebakken 5), Leilighet 001

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmanntall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen; Bosted: Kong Oscars gade 66

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 71 (with photo)

Harald Wesenberg (1836-1907)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 1 (1833-1841), s. 59 (birth)

Bergen Domkirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 4 (1859-1871), s. 317 (birth of illegitimate child)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 228 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2131 (22-16)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2416 (23-62)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0550 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 051, Bosted 0035 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 120, Bosted 0021 (Kong Oscarsgade 66), Leilighet 02

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmanntall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen; Bosted: Kong Oscars gade 66

Valgmanntall 1906 for stortingsvalg i Bergen; 3die Valgkrets; Bosted: Richard Nordraaks Gade 4

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Norsk Kundgjørelsestidende, 10 Jan 1896, p. 2

Bergens Tidende, 16 Mar 1905, p. 2

Norwegian biographical directory records:

W. H. Christie, Genealogiske Optegnelser om Slægten Christie i Norge 1650-1890 (Bergen: 1909), pp. 75, 112

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 71-72 (with photo)

Child 10:

Marie Greve (1842-1897)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1835-1849), s. 54 (birth)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. E 1 (1885-1915), s. 97 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0032 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0027 (Sunds Prestegaard)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 3169 (Sydnæshaugen 10)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 022, Bosted 0080 (Dokkeveien 1)

Child 11:

Cecilie Greve (1845-1923)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1835-1849), s. 74 (birth)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. D 2 (1916-1950), s. 73b-74a (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0032 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0027 (Sunds Prestegaard)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 3169 (Sydnæshaugen 10)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 022, Bosted 0080 (Dokkeveien 1)

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 021, Bosted 0004 (Lyder Sagesgate 28a), Leilighet 03

1922: Bergen (Kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 2371 (Lyder Sagensgate 28a), Leilighet 003

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmantall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Bosted: Lyder Sagens Gade 28a

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 72 (with photo)

Child 12:

Margrethe Greve (1847-1913)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 13 (1835-1849), s. 91 (birth)

Fjell Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 3 (1864-1877), s. 45 (godparent)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 252 (marriage)

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. E 5 (1910-1956), s. 58b-59a (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Kristiansund (1503B), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0068 (Hougene)

1875: Sund (1245P), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0027 (Sunds Prestegaard)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 019, Bosted 0045 (Østre Muralmending 13)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 036, Bosted 0035 (Muralmending, østre, 13), Leilighet 01

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 078, Bosted 0032 (Strandgate 50a), Leilighet 01

Norwegian gravestone:

St. Jakob cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3636123)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 72-73 (with photo)

Wilhelm Theting Børs Lind (1849-1918)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Domkirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 2 (1841-1851), s. 109 (birth)

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 252 (marriage)

Årstad Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. D 1 (1915-1922), s. 60 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0840 (10-12)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0700 (10-12)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 019, Bosted 0045 (Østre Muralmending 13)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 036, Bosted 0035 (Muralmending, østre, 13), Leilighet 01

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 078, Bosted 0032 (Strandgate 50a), Leilighet 01

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 3 Sep 1878, p. 1

Norwegian gravestone:

St. Jakob cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3636127)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 72-73 (with photo)

Grandchild 1:

Henriette Greve (1860-1878)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 009, Bosted 0054 (Aalundsøen)

1875: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 003, Bosted 0031 (Nerem store/Aalundsøen)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. B 1 (1852-1873), s. 26 (birth)

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 3 (1875-1888), s. 85 (death)

Grandchild 2:

Christine Helene Greve (1861-1940)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 009, Bosted 0054 (Aalundsøen)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 1553 (15-36g)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 89 (birth)

Fjelberg Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. D 1 (1879-1918), s. 183 (marriage)

United States immigration records:

New York Passenger Lists 1820-1897, list 398 for 1883 (S. S. Wisconsin), line 272

United States census records:

1900: IL, DeKalb Co., Shabbona Township, ED 15, Sheet 7A, line 21

1910: IL, DeKalb Co., Shabbona Township, ED 34, Sheet 9A, line 39

1920: IL, Lee Co., Willow Creek Township, ED 76, Sheet 2B, line 52

1930: IL, Lee Co., Lee Village, ED 52-37, Sheet 1A, line 19

United States death records:

Ohio State Department of Health Death Index, 1940, p. 490

United States newspaper articles:

Dixon (IL) Evening Telegraph, 25 May 1938, p. 10

DeKalb (IL) Daily Chronicle, 19 Aug 1940, p. 3

Tollef Tørresen (later Tollef Eide) (1852-1924)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 009, Bosted 0014 (Vestereide)

1875: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 003, Bosted 0013 (Vestereide)

Norwegian parish records:

Fjelberg Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 7 (1851-1867), s. 11 (birth)

Fjelberg Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. D 1 (1879-1918), s. 183 (marriage)

United States immigration records:

New York Passenger Lists 1820-1897, list 1765 for 1882 (S. S. Geiser), line 124

United States census records:

1900: IL, DeKalb Co., Shabbona Township, ED 15, Sheet 7A, line 20

1910: IL, DeKalb Co., Shabbona Township, ED 34, Sheet 9A, line 38

1920: IL, Lee Co., Willow Creek Township, ED 76, Sheet 2B, line 51

United States probate records:

County Court of Lee County, IL, box 266, case 573

United States newspaper articles:

Chicago Tribune, 25 Sep 1883, p. 12 (classified advertisement)

Dixon (IL) Evening Telegraph, 10 Aug 1906, p. 8

Dixon (IL) Evening Telegraph, 20 Sep 1915, p. 6

Dixon (IL) Evening Telegraph, 16 Mar 1922, p. 4

DeKalb (IL) Daily Chronicle, 29 Apr 1924, p. 5

Shabbona (IL) Express, 1 May 1924, p. 1

Grandchild 3:

Johanne Greve (1863-1949)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 009, Bosted 0054 (Aalundsøen)

1875: Fjelberg (1213P), Tellingskrets 003, Bosted 0031 (Nerem store/Aalundsøen)

1900: Fjelberg (1213), Tellingskrets 009, Bosted 0044 (Nerheim store)

1910: Strandebarm (1226), Tellingskrets 002, Bosted 0050 (Tangeraas)

Norwegian parish records:

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 2 (birth)

Norwegian land records:

Sunnhordland sorenskrivararkiv, Panteregister nr. II.A.d.4 (1866-1940), s. 258 (Tangerås)

Norwegian gravestone:

Strandebarm cemetery, Kvam municipality (DIS-Norge ID 313835)

United States entry records:

Boston Passenger Lists 1899-1940, list 112 for 1913 (S. S. Canadian, arrived 7 Sep), schedule 2, line 4

United States newspaper articles:

DeKalb (IL) Daily Chronicle, 7 Jan 1914, p. 3

Lars Johnsen Tangerås (1876-1942)

Norwegian census records:

1900: Strandebarm (1226), Tellingskrets 004, Bosted 0061 (Tangeraashagen)

1910: Strandebarm (1226), Tellingskrets 002, Bosted 0061 (Tangeraas)

Norwegian parish records:

Strandebarm Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 9 (1872-1886), s. 51 (birth)

Norwegian land records:

Sunnhordland sorenskrivararkiv, Panteregister nr. II.A.d.4 (1866-1940), s. 258 (Tangerås)

Norwegian directory records:

Adressebok for Hordaland Fylke, Fjerde Utgave (Kristiania: S. M. Brydes Forlag, 1922), p. 401

Adressebok for Hordaland Fylke, Tiente Utgave (Oslo: S. M. Brydes Forlag, 1934), p. 480

Norwegian gravestone:

Strandebarm cemetery, Kvam municipality (DIS-Norge ID 312779)

Grandchild 4:

Johan Fritzner Greve (1864-1914)

Norwegian parish records:

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 5 (birth)

United States immigration records:

New York Passenger Lists 1820-1897, list 398 for 1883 (S. S. Wisconsin), line 302

United States Circuit Court, Boston, Aliens' Primary Declarations of Intention, vol. 33 (1887), no. 181

United States census records:

1900: MA, Suffolk Co., Boston City Ward 22, ED 1500, Sheet 1B, line 89

1910: MA, Suffolk Co., Boston City Ward 20, ED 1572, Sheet 18A, line 33

United States city directory records:

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1889, p. 551

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1894, p. 601

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1898, p. 674

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1904, p. 776

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1913, p. 832

United States marriage records:

Town of Bridgewater, Intentions of Marriage 1835-1929, p. 111

City of Boston, Marriage Register 1912, p. 147

United States death records:

Town of Lynnfield, Death Register 1863-1915, pp. 94-95

Norwegian gravestone:

Strandebarm cemetery, Kvam municipality (DIS-Norge ID 312720)

Elin Sophia Jonsen (1871-1940)

Swedish emigration records:

Göteborg Passenger Lists 1869-1951, list for Romeo (7 Oct 1892), p. 285, line 50108

Sweden, Emigrants Registered in Church Books, 1783-1991 (ancestry.com database)

United States school records:

Normal Offering (yearbook of Bridgewater State Normal School), 1910, p. 13

Normal Offering (yearbook of Bridgewater State Normal School), 1911, p. 9

United States marriage records:

Town of Bridgewater, Intentions of Marriage 1835-1929, p. 111

City of Boston, Marriage Register 1912, p. 147

United States census records:

1920: MA, Essex Co., Town of Lynnfield, ED 202, Sheet 5A, line 20

1930: MA, Middlesex Co., Cambridge City, ED 9-31, Sheet 19B, line 53

1940: MA, Norfolk Co., Town of Wellesley, ED 11-276, Sheet 12B, line 77

United States city directory records:

Brockton, MA, City Directory, 1910, p. 417

W. A. Greenough Co.'s Cambridge, MA, Directory, 1928, p. 746

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1934, p. 886

United States passport records:

United States passport application 282876 for 1923 (granted 8 May 1923)

United States death records:

Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Index to Deaths 1936-1940, vol. 96

Grandchild 5:

Einar Greve (1865-1948)

Norwegian census records:

1885: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 003, Bosted 0235 (Underhaugsveien 13)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 059, Bosted 0027 (Helgesens gade), Leilighet 03

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 004, Bosted 0010 (Stormsgate 6), Leilighet 03

1922: Bergen (kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 2995 (Olav Kyrresgate 38), Leilighet 003

Norwegian parish records:

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 11 (birth)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. D 2 (1916-1950), s. 274b-275a (death)

Note: no record of his marriage, which presumably took place in Kragerø, as the parish books for Kragerø in 1896 lack the section for marriages.

Norwegian educational records:

Elever ved Bergen katedralskole 1860-1929, record 386

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmantall 1934 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Kretsnr 101 (Nygård), Bosted: Lars Hilles Gate 3

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 61-62 (with photo)

Harald Gram and Bjørn Steenstrup (ed.), Hvem er Hvem? (Oslo: 1948), p. 179

Norwegian gravestone:

Møllendal cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 1389204)

Nelly Leonora Olsen (1872-1952)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Kragerø (0801), Tellingskrets 026, Bosted 0009 (Øen)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 059, Bosted 0027 (Helgesens gade), Leilighet 03

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 004, Bosted 0010 (Stormsgate 6), Leilighet 03

1922: Bergen (kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 2995 (Olav Kyrresgate 38), Leilighet 003

Norwegian parish records:

Kragerø kirkebøker, Ministerialbok nr. 7 (1861-1875), s. 180 (birth)

Note: no record of her marriage, which presumably took place in Kragerø, as the parish books for Kragerø in 1896 lack the section for marriages.

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmantall 1934 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Kretsnr 101 (Nygård), Bosted: Lars Hilles Gate 3

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 61-62 (with photo)

Norwegian gravestone:

Møllendal cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 1389205)

Grandchild 6:

Sally Greve (1867-1867)

Norwegian parish records:

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 13 (birth)

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 85 (death)

Grandchild 7:

Sølvei Greve (1868-c.1947/48)

Norwegian parish records:

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 16 (birth)

Norwegian emigration records:

Emigranter over Bergen 1874-1930, record 1639 for 1887

United States immigration records:

United States Circuit Court, Boston, Petition for Naturalization, No. 2562 (27 Jun 1910)

United States passport records:

United States Passport Application 191358 for 1922 (granted 14 Jun 1922)

United States census records:

1900: MA, Suffolk Co., Boston City Ward 22, ED 1500, Sheet 1B, line 90

1910: MA, Suffolk Co., Boston City Ward 20, ED 1572, Sheet 18A, line 32

1930: MA, Middlesex Co., Cambridge City, ED 9-31, Sheet 19B, line 54

1940: MA, Suffolk Co., Boston City, ED 15-175, Sheet 5A, line 15

United States city directory records:

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1893, p. 593

Waltham and Watertown Directory (Littlefield Directory Publishing Co.), 1895, p. 537

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1897, p. 667

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1898, p. 674

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1899, p. 676

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1900, p. 703

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1902, p. 724

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1913, p. 832

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1914, p. 853

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1915, p. 880

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1917, p. 705

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1928, p. 1229

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1932, p. 959

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1934, p. 886

Polk's Boston City Directory, 1947, p. 798

Grandchild 8:

Ingvald Greve (1869-1870)

Norwegian parish records:

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 19 (birth)

Ølen Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 2 (1863-1875), s. 87 (death)

Grandchild 9:

Louisa Henriette Fries (1858-1947)

United States birth records:

City of Roxbury, Birth Register (1858), entry 356

United States census records:

1860: MA, Norfolk Co., City of Roxbury, Ward 1, Page 45, line 36

1870: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 14, Page 149, line 33

1880: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, ED 746, Page 3, line 44

1900: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 21, ED 1482, Sheet 8B, line 53

1910: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 21, ED 1591, Sheet 22B, line 94

1920: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 16, ED 420, Sheet 13B, line 66

United States city directory records:

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1890, p. 501

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1925, p. 1222

Polk's Boston City Directory, 1948, p. 701 (records death)

United States passport records:

United States passport application 52154 for 1911 (granted 23 May 1911)

Grandchild 10:

Anna Magdalene Fries (1860-1930)

United States birth records:

City of Roxbury, Birth Register (1860), entry 854

United States census records:

1870: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 14, Page 149, line 34

1880: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, ED 746, Page 3, line 45

1900: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 21, ED 1482, Sheet 8B, line 54

1910: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 21, ED 1591, Sheet 22B, line 95

1920: MA, Suffolk Co., City of Boston, Ward 16, ED 420, Sheet 13B, line 65

United States city directory records:

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1889, p. 493

Boston Directory (Sampson, Murdock, & Company) for 1897, p. 595

Boston Directory (Sampson & Murdock Company) for 1925, p. 1222

United States school records:

Manual of the Public Schools of the City of Boston (Boston: 1906), p. 24

United States death records:

Town of Georgetown (MA), Death Register (1895-1931), p. 140, entry 29

Grandchild 11:

Johan Fritzner Greve (1865-1947)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Kristiansund (1503B), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0068 (Hougene)

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2232 (22-26)

1885: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0129 (Majorstuveien 7)

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 495, Bosted 0004 (Rosenborggaden 4), Leilighet 03

1910: Larvik (0707), Tellingskrets 010, Bosted 0022 (Storgate 8), Leilighet 01

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. C 5 (1880-1892) s. 33 (confirmation)

Oslo Trefoldighet Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. III 4 (1891-1900), s. 46 (marriage)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Lillehammer Tilskuer, 24 Apr 1947, pp. 2-3 (obituary)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

G. F. Heiberg, Slekten Heiberg (n. p.: n. d. [1941]), p. 129 (with photo)

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 64-65 (with photo)

Birgit Heiberg (1868-1951)

Norwegian parish records:

Oslo Trefoldighet Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. I 2 (1863-1870), s. 264 (birth)

Oslo Trefoldighet Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. III 4 (1891-1900), s. 46 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 020, Bosted 1154 (Hegdehougsveien 7)

1885: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0211 (Munthes Gade 31)

1891: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 090, Husliste 9 (Oscars Gade 18), Personseddel 16

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 495, Bosted 0004 (Rosenborggaden 4), Leilighet 03

1910: Larvik (0707), Tellingskrets 010, Bosted 0022 (Storgate 8), Leilighet 01

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Lillehammer Tilskuer, 18 Dec 1951, p. 3 (death announcement)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

G. F. Heiberg, Slekten Heiberg (n. p.: n. d. [1941]), p. 129 (with photo)

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 65 (with photo)

Grandchild 12:

Mens Greve (1866-1867)

Norwegian parish records:

Møre og Romsdal Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 572D01 (Kristiansund, 1866-1872), s. 201-202 (death)

Grandchild 13:

Mens Greve (1870-1941)

Norwegian parish records:

Møre og Romsdal Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 572D01 (Kristiansund, 1866-1872), s. 51 (birth)

Halden Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. I 13 (1890-1906), s. 479 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2232 (22-26)

1885: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0129 (Majorstuveien 7)

1900: Sør-Odal (0419), Tellingskrets: 004, Bosted 0046 (Østgården)

1910: Berg (0116), Tellingskrets: 003, Bosted 0019 (Ekelien gaard)

Norwegian land records:

Idd og Marker Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. II 4b (1848-1953), s. 762

Vinger og Odal Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. 3.3 (1929), s. 387

Vinger og Odal Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. 3.4 (1929), s. 15

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Hedemarkens Amtstidende, 3 Sep 1902, p. 3 (engagement notice)

Aftenposten (Oslo), 24 Dec 1928, p. 9

Aftenposten (Oslo), 28 Jul 1941, p. 9 (death notice)

Nationen (Oslo), 28 Jul 1941, p. 7 (brief obituary)

Norwegian biographical dictionary entries:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), pp. 66-67

Dagny Hjorth (1884-1953)

Norwegian parish records:

Halden Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. I 11 (1878-1889), s. 92 (birth)

Halden Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. I 13 (1890-1906), s. 479 (first marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1900: Fredrikshald (0101), Tellingskrets 019a, Bosted 0005 (Porsnæsgaden), Leilighet 01

1910: Berg (0116), Tellingskrets: 003, Bosted 0019 (Ekelien gaard)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Hedemarkens Amtstidende, 3 Sep 1902, p. 3 (engagement notice)

Fritt Folk (Oslo), 12 Jun 1944, p. 3

Aftenposten (Oslo), 21 Jun 1944, p. 4

Aftenposten (Oslo), 28 Dec 1953, p. 10 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

Vår Frelsers cemetery, Oslo municipality (DIS-Norge ID 439831)

Grandchild 14:

Thora Greve (1861-1941)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 93 (birth)

Sogndal Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 1 (1878-1899), s. 120 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1265), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0033 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

1900: Aurland (1421), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0076 (Aurlands Prestegaard 'Urdal')

1910: Aurland (1421), Tellingskrets 004, Bosted 0006 (Prestegaard)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

Johan Fredrik Lampe, Bergens Stifts Biskoper og Præster efter Reformationen (Kristiania: 1895-1896), II: 53, 62

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 68 (with photo)

Norwegian gravestone:

Vangen cemetery, Aurland municipality (DIS-Norge ID 4802945)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 15 Nov 1941, p. 6

Eilert Patrick Juul (1852-1928)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Kristiansund (1503B), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0234 (Nordlandet 218)

1875: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 035, Bosted 1957 (Kirkeveien 35b)

1900: Aurland (1421), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0076 (Aurlands Prestegaard 'Urdal')

1910: Aurland (1421), Tellingskrets 004, Bosted 0006 (Prestegaard)

Norwegian parish records:

Sogndal Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 1 (1878-1899), s. 120 (marriage)

Aurdal Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. A 3 (1896-1939), s. 188 (death)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Fædrelandet (Oslo), 18 Apr 1877, p. 3

Aalesunds Handels- og Søfartstidende, 21 Aug 1880, p. 2

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 27 Dec 1884, p. 4

Bergens Tidende, 29 Nov 1922, p. 4

Aftenposten (Oslo), 25 Mar 1924, p. 3

Aftenposten (Oslo), 17 Sep 1928, p. 6 (death notice)

Morgenbladet (Oslo), 18 Sep 1928, p. 3 (obituary)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

Johan Fredrik Lampe, Bergens Stifts Biskoper og Præster efter Reformationen (Kristiania: 1895-1896), II: 62

Norwegian gravestone:

Vangen cemetery, Aurland municipality (DIS-Norge ID 4802946)

Secondary sources:

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 68 (with photo)

Grandchild 15:

Henriette Greve (1863-1874)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 99 (birth)

Jølster Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1866-1881), s. 221 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1265), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0033 (Sunds Præstegaard)

Grandchild 16:

Maren Greve (1864-1933)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 108 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1265), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0033 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 075, Bosted 0005 (Hægdehougsveien 29), Leilighet 03

1910: Sogndal (1420), Tellingskrets 002, Bosted 0068 (Nyheim)

1922: Bergen (kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 005 (Nygaardsgaten 4), Leilighet 001

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmantall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Bosted: Foswinckels Gade 32

Norwegian directory records:

Bergens Adressebok 1924-1925, p. 9

Adressebok for Sogn og Fjordane med skatteligninger, 6 (1926): 358

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 28 Nov 1925, p. 17

Aftenposten (Oslo), 29 Dec 1933, p. 8 (death notice)

Aftenposten (Oslo), 18 Jan 1934, p. 9

Grandchild 17:

Otto Skjoldborg Greve (1865-1932)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1850-1866), s. 115 (birth)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. D 1 (1885-1912), s. 52 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Sund (1265), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0033 (Sunds Præstegaard)

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

1900: Aurland (1421), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0018 (Vinjum)

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

Johan Fredrik Lampe, Bergens Stifts Biskoper og Præster efter Reformationen (Kristiania: 1895-1896), II: 56

N. Hoff et al., Studenterne fra 1885: Biografiske meddelelser samlet i anledning av deres 25-aars studenterjubilæum (Kristiania: 1910), pp. 91-92

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 69

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 29 Jan 1932, p. 6

Ragna Christiane Wesenberg (1867-1953)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 5 (1866-1871), s. 148 (birth)

Bergen Johanneskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. D 1 (1885-1912), s. 52 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Bergen Landdistrikt (1281L), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0050 (Nygaard)

1885: B ergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2117 (Sandbrogade 2)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 012, Bosted 0068 (Foswinckels Gade 23+)

1900: Aurland (1421), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0018 (Vinjum)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Morgenbladet (Oslo), 10 Jul 1953, p. 9

Norwegian gravestone:

Vestre gravlund, Oslo municipality (DIS-Norge ID 680603)

Grandchild 18:

Inga Greve (1867-1946)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 8 (birth)

Sogndal Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 1 (1878-1899), s. 120 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

1900: Sogndal (1420), Tellingskrets 006, Bosted 0057 (Foss med Bahus Nyheim)

1910: Sogndal (1420), Tellingskrets 002, Bosted 0068 (Nyheim)

Norwegian land records:

Indre Sogn Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. II.A.a.26a (1829-1946), s. 239

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

A. Landmark, Landmark: Stamtavle over en Norsk Slegt (Christiania: 1924), p. 159 (with photo)

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 69 (with photo)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 26 Nov 1946, p. 9 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

Stedje cemetery, Sogndal municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3384222)

Nils Landmark Lem (1849-1921)

Norwegian parish records:

Førde Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 7 (1843-1860), s. 103 (birth)

Sogndal Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 1 (1878-1899), s. 120 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Selje (1441P), Tellingskrets 007, Bosted 0029 (Moldøen)

1900: Sogndal (1420), Tellingskrets 006, Bosted 0057 (Foss med Bahus Nyheim)

1910: Sogndal (1420), Tellingskrets 002, Bosted 0068 (Nyheim)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger, 28 May 1879, p. 4

Søndfjords Avis (Florø), 14 May 1909, p. 2

Sogningen (Vikøyri), 15 May 1909, p. 2

Morgenbladet (Oslo), 16 Jun 1916, p. 4

Aftenposten (Oslo), 8 Apr 1921, p. 7 (death notice)

Norwegian land records:

Indre Sogn Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. II.A.a.26a (1829-1946), s. 239

Norwegian biographical directory entries:

A. Landmark, Landmark: Stamtavle over en Norsk Slegt (Christiania: 1924), p. 159 (with photo)

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 69 (with photo)

Norwegian gravestone:

Stedje cemetery, Sogndal municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3384221)

Grandchild 19:

Johan Fritzner Greve (1868-1897)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 19 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

Secondary sources:

W. H. Christie, Genealogiske Optegnelser om Slægten Christie i Norge 1650-1890 (Bergen: 1909), p. 75

O. Ingstad, Slekten Greve (Bergen: John Griegs Boktrykkeri, 1943), p. 70

Grandchild 20:

Sigfrid Greve (1870-1874)

Norwegian parish records:

Sund Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 15 (1867-1881), s. 37 (birth)

Jølster Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1866-1881), s. 221 (death)

Grandchild 21:

Audun Greve (1873-1873)

Norwegian parish records:

Jølster Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1866-1881), s. 68 (birth)

Jølster Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1866-1881), s. 221 (death)

Grandchild 22:

Aslaug Greve (1875-1937)

Norwegian parish records:

Jølster Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1866-1881), s. 78 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 008, Bosted 0025 (Aalhus Prestegaard)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 146, Bosted 0007 (Foswinckelsgade), Leilighet 04

1910: Jølster (1431), Tellingskrets 006, Bosted 0029 (Hegrenæs gaard)

1922: Bergen (kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 005 (Nygaardsgaten 4), Leilighet 001

Norwegian directory records:

Bergens Adressebok 1924-1925, p. 9

Norwegian death records:

Dødsfall i Bergen 1912-1972, entry 72 for 1937

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Arbeiderblad, 16 February 1937, p. 3

Grandchild 23:

Johan Greve Brun (1863-1936)

Norwegian parish records:

Balsfjord Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. 1 (1858-1870), s. 23 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Balsfjord (1933P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0104 (Mortenhals)

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 17 Jul 1880, p. 2

Aftenposten (Oslo), 27 Jul 1936, p. 10 (death notice)

New Zealand newspaper articles:

Lyttelton Times, 9 Apr 1887, p. 7 (advertisements)

Star (Christchurch), 28 Sep 1887, p. 3

Star (Christchurch), 8 Oct 1887, p. 3

Press (Christchurch), 10 Oct 1887, p. 5

Star (Christchurch), 13 Oct 1887, p. 3

Press (Christchurch), 14 Oct 1887, p. 6

Star (Christchurch), 14 Oct 1887, p. 3

Star (Christchurch), 1 Nov 1887, p. 3

Press (Christchurch), 11 Jan 1888, p. 6

Press (Christchurch), 12 Jan 1888, p. 6

Press (Christchurch), 14 Jan 1888, p. 6

Timaru Herald, 12 Jun 1894, p. 3

Southern Cross (Invercargill), 12 Jan 1895, p. 9

Wairarapa Daily Times (Masterton), 10 Feb 1896, p. 2

Wairarapa Daily Times (Masterton), 25 Mar 1896, p. 3

Wairarapa Daily Times (Masterton), 2 Sep 1896, p. 3

Opunake Times, 9 Apr 1897, p. 3

Evening Post (Wellington), 12 Jul 1898, p. 5

Feilding Star, 23 Apr 1900, p. 2

Evening Post (Wellington), 2 Jun 1900, p. 6 (advertisements)

Evening Post (Wellington), 3 Jul 1900, p. 8 (advertisements)

New Zealand marriage records:

New Zealand marriage registration number 1893/2383

New Zealand police records:

New Zealand Police Gazette, 1893, p. 16

New Zealand Police Gazette, 1900, p. 231

Australian newspaper articles:

Evening News (Sydney), 20 June 1901, p. 6

Evening News (Sydney), 9 Aug 1901, p. 8

Evening News (Sydney), 15 Apr 1902, p. 1

Australian Star (Sydney), 16 Jul 1902, p. 6

Sydney Morning Herald, 11 Dec 1905, p. 8

Daily Telegraph (Sydney), 30 Sep 1907, p. 3

Daily Telegraph (Sydney), 18 Nov 1907, p. 6

Evening News (Sydney), 28 Aug 1909, p. 7

English probate records:

National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1937, IV:66

Secondary sources:

John D. Clark, "Johan Greve Le Brun 1863-1936" (richly illustrated family reminiscences), written 1997, updated 2015, available at Catherine Le Brun's ancestry.com site.

Inez Izett (1866-1956)

Australian birth records:

Victoria birth registration number 1866/7910

New Zealand marriage records:

New Zealand marriage registration number 1893/2383

New Zealand electoral register records:

1896: Province of Canterbury, Electoral District of the City of Christchurch, p. 174, nr. 8091

1900: Province of Wellington, Electoral District of the City of Wellington, unpaginated, nr. 8218

New Zealand newspaper articles:

Evening Post (Wellington), 3 Jul 1900, p. 8 (advertisements)

Australian electoral register records:

1913: NSW, District of Woollahra, Double Bay Polling-Place, p. 8, nr. 554

1930: NSW, Division of Wentworth, Subdivision of Rose Bay, p. 46, nr. 2728

1936: NSW, Division of Wentworth, Subdivision of Rose Bay, p. 59, nr. 3509

1943: NSW, Division of Wentworth, Subdivision of Rose Bay, p. 79, nr. 4710

1949: NSW, Division of Wentworth, Subdivision of Woollahra East, p. 56, nr. 3296

1954: NSW Division of Wentworth, Subdivision of Woollahra East, p. 57, nr. 3356

Australian directory records:

Sands' Sydney, Suburban and Country Commercial Directory for 1914, p. 1353

Sands' Sydney, Suburban and Country Commercial Directory for 1920, p. 1454

Sands' Sydney, Suburban and Country Commercial Directory for 1926, p. 1501

Australian newspaper articles:

Sydney Morning Herald, 22 Oct 1919, p. 8 (legal notices)

English probate records:

National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1960, VIII: 679

Secondary sources:

John D. Clark, "Johan Greve Le Brun 1863-1936" (richly illustrated family reminiscences), written 1997, updated 2015, available at Catherine Le Brun's ancestry.com site.

Grandchild 24:

Christiane Brun (1864-1950)

Norwegian parish records:

Balsfjord Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. 1 (1858-1870), s. 29 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Balsfjord (1933P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0104 (Mortenhals)

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 339, Bosted 0001 (Majorstuveien 28), Leilighet 04

1910: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 041, Bosted 0006 (Bogstadveien 2), Leilighet 02

Norwegian newspaper records:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 15 Sep 1917, p. 4

Aftenposten (Oslo), 22 Sep 1917, p. 2

Norges Kvinder, 6 Nov 1926, p. 5

Aftenposten (Oslo), 30 Aug 1930, p. 4

Aftenposten (Oslo), 25 Oct 1950, p. 10 (death notice)

Grandchild 25:

Aadel Brun (1866-1940)

Norwegian parish records:

Balsfjord Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. 3 (1856-1870), s. 68 (birth)

Hjelmeland Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1879-1900), s. 199 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

1900: Fyresdal (0831), Tellingskrets 006, Bosted 0003 (Moland)

1910: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 046, Bosted 0030 (Sorgenfrigaten 6), Leilighet 15

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 24 December 1940, p. 10 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

Askim cemetery, Askim municipality (DIS-Norge ID 2162096)

Johannes Olsen Børke (1856-1934)

Norwegian parish records:

Ringsaker Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. 9 (1850-1860), s. 49 (birth)

Hjelmeland Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 14 (1879-1900), s. 199 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1865: Ringsaker (0412P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0095 (Skarpsno)

1875: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 035, Bosted 1926 (Akersveien 9)

1875: Fåberg (0524L), Tellingskrets 015, Bosted 0029 (Gjørlien)

1900: Fyresdal (0831), Tellingskrets 006, Bosted 0003 (Moland)

1910: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 046, Bosted 0030 (Sorgenfrigaten 6), Leilighet 15

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Adressecontoirs Efterretninger, 13 Dec 1881, p. 4

Dagbladet (Oslo), 5 Oct 1886, p. 1

Dagbladet (Oslo), 24 Feb 1890, p. 1

Dagbladet (Oslo), 15 Sep 1893, p. 1

Stavanger Aftenblad, 10 Jun 1903, p. 2

Gudbrandsdølen (Lillehammer), 24 Mar 1927, p. 1

Morgenbladet (Oslo), 16 Feb 1934, p. 5

Norwegian gravestone:

Askim cemetery, Askim municipality (DIS-Norge ID 2162097)

Grandchild 26:

Dominicus Brun (1868-1940)

Norwegian parish records:

Balsfjord Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. 3 (1856-1870), s. 77 (birth)

Stavanger Domkirken Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 28 (1878-1904), s. 111a (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

1900: Tysvær (1146), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0058 (Krabbetveit)

1900: Sandøy (1546), Tellingskrets 007, Bosted 0018 (Finnøen) [on visit as fisheries inspector]

1910: Tysvær (1146), Tellingskrets 002, Bosted 0023 (Krabbetvedt gaard)

1910: Kristiansund (1503), Tellingskrets 010, Bosted 0027 (Fr. Nansens), Leilighet 05 [on visit as inspector]

Norwegian land records:

Karmsund Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. II AH 48 (1867), s. 50-51

Nordre Jarlsberg Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. VIII 2, s. 244

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 28 Dec 1921, p. 3

Haugesunds Avis, 11 Apr 1938, p. 4

Bergens Tidende, 13 Apr 1938, p. 5

Haugesunds Avis, 11 Mar 1940, p. 9 (death notice)

Norwegian directory records:

Adressebok for Vestfold fylke og Drammen, 1937, p. 326

Norwegian gravestone:

Nykirke cemetery, Horten municipality (DIS-Norge ID 1827741)

Karen Juliane Røvær (1870-1961)

Norwegian parish records:

Torvastad Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 12.1 (1867-1877), s. 48 (birth)

Stavanger Domkirken Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 28 (1878-1904), s. 111a (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Torvastad (1106B), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0077 (8de Tvergade 27)

1885: Haugesund (1106), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0092 (Kaigaden 1)

1900: Tysvær (1146), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0058 (Krabbetveit)

1910: Tysvær (1146), Tellingskrets 002, Bosted 0023 (Krabbetvedt gaard)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 16 Mar 1961, p. 15 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

Nykirke cemetery, Horten municipality (DIS-Norge ID 1827751)

Grandchild 27:

Sigurd Brun (1870-1927)

Norwegian parish records:

Balsfjord Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. 3 (1856-1870), s. 86 (birth)

Vestre Fredrikstad Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. I 8 (1902-1936), s. 296

Norwegian census records:

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 339, Bosted 0001 (Majorstuveien 28), Leilighet 04

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Stavanger Aftenblad, 14 Aug 1906, p. 2

Romsdals Amtstidende, 9 Sep 1910, p. 1

Nordisk Tidende (Brooklyn, NY), 26 Oct 1911, p. 9

Fremtiden (Drammen), 22 Jan 1916, p. 2

Aftenposten (Oslo), 2 May 1917, p. 7

Aftenposten (Oslo), 22 Oct 1927, p. 3

Aftenposten (Oslo), 12 Dec 1927, p. 2

Aftenposten (Oslo), 19 Dec 1927, p. 9 (death notice)

Norwegian biographical directory records:

N. F. Leganger (ed.), Norges Geistlighet (Oslo: 1925), p. 286

Norwegian gravestone:

Vestre Fredrikstad cemetery, Fredrikstad municipality (DIS-Norge ID 4988121)

Secondary sources:

Erling Danbolt, Det Norske Misjonsselskaps Misjonærer 1942-1948 (Stavanger: 1948), p. 127

Aagot Lie (1880-1951)

Norwegian parish records:

Elverum Prestekontor, Ministerialbok nr. 13 (1880-1890), s. 7 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1900: Ålesund (1501), Tellingskrets 016, Bosted 0023 (Kippevig Gade), Leilighet 03

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Landsbladet (Oslo), 19 Apr 1904, p. 1

Stavanger Aftenblad, 11 Sep 1907, p. 2

Norsk Missions-Tidende, 63 (1908), p. 401

Smaalenenes Social-Demokrat (Fredrikstad), 20 Nov 1928, p. 3

Aftenposten (Oslo), 12 Apr 1940, p. 5

Aftenposten (Oslo), 4 Dec 1951, p. 11 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

Vestre Fredrikstad cemetery, Fredrikstad municipality (DIS-Norge ID 4988120)

Secondary sources:

N. F. Leganger (ed.), Norges Geistlighet (Oslo: 1925), p. 286 (with photo)

Erling Danbolt, Det Norske Misjonsselskaps Misjonærer 1942-1948 (Stavanger: 1948), p. 127

Grandchild 28:

Henrik Brun (1871-1951)

Norwegian parish records:

Nord-Trøndelag Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 784A05 (Nærøy, 1860-1876), s. 95 (birth)

Sør-Audnedal Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1912-1938), s. 183 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 339, Bosted 0001 (Majorstuveien 28), Leilighet 04

1910: Sør-Audnedal (1029), Tellingskrets 014, Bosted 0027 (Prestegaarden)

Norwegian biographical directory records:

N. F. Leganger (ed.), Norges Geistlighet (Oslo: 1925), p. 133

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Norske Intelligenssedler, 6 Dec 1916, p. 3

Dagen (Bergen), 23 Dec 1921, p. 1

Aftenposten (Oslo), 29 Aug 1924, p. 3

Agder Tidend (Kristiansand), 31 Aug 1926, p. 2

Aftenposten (Oslo), 9 May 1930, p. 1

Fædrelandsvennen (Kristiansand), 24 Dec 1946, p. 2

Morgenbladet (Oslo), 29 Nov 1951, p. 7 (death notice)

Aagot Agnethe Jahnsen (1890-1943)

Norwegian parish records:

Tønsberg Kirkebøker, Klokkerbok nr. 6 (1885-1895), s. 65 (birth)

Sør-Audnedal Sokneprestkontor, Ministerialbok nr. A 11 (1912-1938), s. 183 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1900: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 315, Bosted 0034 (Eugenies Gade 22), Leilighet 11

1910: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 073, Bosted 0017 (Eugeniesgate 22), Leilighet 02

1923: Kristiania (Kommunal), Tellingskrets 083, Bosted 007 (Eugeniesgate 22), Leilighet 03

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Aftenposten (Oslo), 23 Jun 1943, p. 2

Grandchild 29:

Marie Johanne Brun (1873-1877)

Norwegian parish records:

Nord-Trøndelag Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 784A05 (Nærøy, 1860-1876), s. 108 (birth)

Nord-Trøndelag Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 784A06 (Nærøy, 1876-1879), s. 91 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

Grandchild 30:

Trygve Brun (1875-1878)

Norwegian parish records:

Nord-Trøndelag Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 784A05 (Nærøy, 1860-1876), s. 119 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Nærøy (1751P), Tellingskrets 005, Bosted 0001 (Nærø Prestegaard)

Secondary sources:

W. H. Christie, Genealogiske Optegnelser om Slægten Christie i Norge 1650-1890 (Bergen: 1909), p. 75

Grandchild 31:

Signy Wesenberg (1869-1949)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 5 (1866-1871), s. 209 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2416 (23-62)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0550 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 051, Bosted 0035 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 120, Bosted 0021 (Kong Oscarsgade 66), Leilighet 02

1922: Bergen (Kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 0565 (Dokkebakken 5), Leilighet 001

Norwegian land records:

Midhordland Sorenskriveri, Panteregister nr. II.A.b.76, s. 172

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 4 Feb 1949, p. 6 (death notice)

Grandchild 32:

Finn Wesenberg (1874-1959)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 6 (1871-1878), s. 61 (birth)

Bergen Domkirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 8 (1903-1925), s. 201 (child's baptism, refers to their marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2416 (23-62)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0550 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 051, Bosted 0035 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 120, Bosted 0021 (Kong Oscarsgade 66), Leilighet 02

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 074, Bosted 0005 (Richard Nordraaksgate 4), Leilighet 01

1922: Bergen (Kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 0477 (Cappesvei 30d), Leilighet 001

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmanntall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Bosted: Kong Oscars gade 66

Valgmanntall 1906 for stortingsvalg i Bergen, 3die Valgkrets, Bosted: Richard Nordraaks Gade 4

Valgmanntall 1934 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Krets 36, Bosted: Cappes Vei 30d

Norwegian biographical directory records:

Einar Hoffstad (ed.), Merkantilt Biografisk Leksikon - Hvem er hvem i Næringslivet? (Oslo: 1935), p. 809

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 2 Feb 1949, p. 4

Bergens Tidende, 23 Jul 1959, p. 11 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

Møllendal cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 76040)

Astrid Kalland (1885-1965)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 7 (1878-1889), s. 181 (birth)

Bergen Domkirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 8 (1903-1925), s. 201 (child's baptism, refers to their marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 018, Bosted 0081 (Store Markevei 37)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 036, Bosted 0026 (Markevei, store, 37), Leilighet 03

1922: Bergen (Kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 0477 (Cappesvei 30d), Leilighet 001

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmanntall 1934 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Krets 36, Bosted: Cappes Vei 30d

Norwegian emigration records:

Emigranter over Bergen 1874-1930, record 504 for 1906

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 3 Jan 1966, p. 12 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

Møllendal cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 76041)

Grandchild 33:

Astrid Wesenberg (1878-1931)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 7 (1878-1889), s. 10 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1875: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 2416 (23-62)

1885: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 000, Bosted 0550 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 051, Bosted 0035 (Forstandersmuget 2)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 120, Bosted 0021 (Kong Oscarsgade 66), Leilighet 02

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 074, Bosted 0005 (Richard Nordraaksgate 4), Leilighet 01

1922: Bergen (Kommunal), Tellingskrets 1, Bosted 0565 (Dokkebakken 5), Leilighet 001

Norwegian electoral register records:

Valgmanntall 1904 for kommunevalg i Bergen, Bosted: Kong Oscars gade 66

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 7 Feb 1931, p. 2 (death notice)

Grandchild 34:

Aagot Lind (1879-1931)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Domkirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 6 (1879-1887), s. 30 (birth)

Årstad Sokneprestembete, Klokkerbok nr. D 2 (1922-1940), s. 214-215 (death)

Norwegian census records:

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 019, Bosted 0045 (Østre Muralmending 13)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 036, Bosted 0035 (Muralmending, østre, 13), Leilighet 01

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 078, Bosted 0032 (Strandgate 50a), Leilighet 01

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 30 Sep 1905, p. 2

Norwegian gravestone:

St. Jakob cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3636120)

Grandchild 35:

Torvald Lind (1882-1960)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Domkirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 6 (1879-1887), s. 134 (birth)

Sør-Trøndelag Ministerialprotokoller, Klokkerbok nr. 601C15 (Trondheim Domkirke, 1911-1921), s. 120 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 019, Bosted 0045 (Østre Muralmending 13)

1900: Trondheim (1601), Tellingskrets 029, Bosted 0013 (Prinsens Gade), Leilighet 03

1910: Samnanger (1242), Tellingskrets 011, Bosted 0024 (Totland)

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Gudbrandsdølen (Lillehammer), 2 Mar 1912, p. 2

Arbeiderbladet (Oslo), 11 May 1957, p. 10

Nationen (Oslo), 6 Jul 1960, p. 9

Gudbrandsdølen (Lillehammer), 9 Jul 1960, p. 6 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

St. Jakob cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3636125)

Hjørdis Koller (1883-1969)

Norwegian parish records:

Sør-Trøndelag Ministerialprotokoller, Ministerialbok nr. 601A25 (Trondheim Domkirke, 1877-1891), s. 96 (birth)

Sør-Trøndelag Ministerialprotokoller, Klokkerbok nr. 601C15 (Trondheim Domkirke, 1911-1921), s. 120 (marriage)

Norwegian census records:

1885: Trondheim (1601), Tellingskrets 001, Bosted 0149 (Kongensgade 12)

1891: Trondheim (1601), Tellingskrets 012, Bosted 0008 (Kongens g.)

1900: Trondheim (1601), Tellingskrets 013, Bosted 0011 (Kongens Gade), Leilighet 02

1910: Kristiania (0301), Tellingskrets 037, Bosted 0075 (St. Olavsgate 28/30), Leilighet 03

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Gudbrandsdølen (Lillehammer), 19 Dec 1969, p. 10 (death notice)

Norwegian gravestone:

St. Jakob cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3636122)

Grandchild 36:

Helga Lind (1885-1945)

Norwegian parish records:

Bergen Korskirken Sokneprestembete, Ministerialbok nr. B 7 (1878-1889), s. 204 (birth)

Norwegian census records:

1891: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 019, Bosted 0045 (Østre Muralmending 13)

1900: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 036, Bosted 0035 (Muralmending, østre, 13), Leilighet 01

1910: Bergen (1301), Tellingskrets 078, Bosted 0032 (Strandgate 50a), Leilighet 01

Norwegian newspaper articles:

Bergens Tidende, 26 Jun 1925, p. 4

Bergens Tidende, 18 Jun 1926, p. 4

Bergens Tidende, 10 Dec 1935, p. 13

Bergens Tidende, 11 Jul 1945, p. 3

Norwegian gravestone:

St. Jakob cemetery, Bergen municipality (DIS-Norge ID 3636121)